iMacro-Catchment
Amanzi emvula aqokelelwa kwiindawo ezibaleka amanzi ezirhangqe ifama okanye isiza. Amanzi angacothiswa aze enzelwe imisele ewakhokelela kwiindawo enye, ezifana ne jessours nesetyenziswa kwilizwe lase Tunisia. Ezindlela/imisele zifumaneka kwiingingqi ezimqengqeleze nalapho imvula iba phakathu kwe 100 - 200 mm ngonyaka. Ukuqokelela amanzi emvula kungandisa amanzi akhoyo nanokulinganiselwa kuma 400 mm - 500 mm emvula ngonyaka. Kusetyenziswa amadonga akhowe ngamatye nasetyenziselwa ukukhongozela okanye amadama ukuqokeela amanzi. Ukuba lamadonga okanye amadama athe azala kubakho iindawo apho anokuphumela kuyo ze agcinwe. Eminye imivuzo ingaquka ukuzalisa amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ze kulawulwe nokhukuliseko lwamanzi.iMicro-Catchment
iRooftop Micro-Catchment
Amanzi emvula aqokelelwa kuphahla aze ahambe ngemibhobho ukuya kugcinwa etankini. Kuvamise ukufakelwa impompo kwelo tanki. La amanzi afikeleleka ngoko nangoko ukuze asetyenziswe phakathi nekhaya.Eyona ndlela Ingcono Yokukhongozela Amanzi Emvula
Ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi emvula awela phakathi entsimini (The in-field rainwater harvesting) nebizwa nge (IRWH) yaveliswa ngabaphandi be Agricultural Research Council’s Institute for Soil, Climate and Water kwindawo yase Bloemfontein.Le ndlela ye IRWH iqulathe imisele evuleke kangange 2m nehamba phakathi kwemiqolo yezityalo. Lamanzi aye ahambe ayekungena kumadonga abiyelwe ngamatye okanye kumadama angekho nzulu. Emva kokwakhiwa kwa lamadonga akhongozela amanzi, akuphindwe kutyalwe, kombiwe, kuvunguzwe,okanye kuhlawulwe umhlaba - kwezindawo zinale misele. Le misele iye iqine, nto leyo inceda amanzi ukuba ahambe kakuhle. Amanzi aqokelelwe ngale ndlela angangena kwinzulu yomhlaba, nto leyo icutha ulophu lwamanzi.
Le ndlela yokuqokelela amanzi idibanisa zonke indlela zokukhongozela amanzi kwe zolimo. Awuvunguzwa umhlaba, akwenziwa basin tillage okanye kubekwe ingca phakathi kwemiqolo kwimihlaba yodongwe esemngciphekweni yembalela nokoma. Ibasin tillage ithetha ukuba umhlaba wendawo apho kuqokelelwa amanzi kuwo, umzekelo amadama angekho nzulu, uvunguziwe. Oku kungenziwa nge harika kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi atshona lula emhlabeni.
Ubuchule be IRWH bungawaphelisa nya namanzi abalekayo/aqengqelekayo, oku kukwanciphisa nolophu olusuka ngaphazu komhlaba. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kwesivuno ngenxa yamanzi oneleyo kwiingcambu zezityalo. Uphando olwenziwe e Thaba Nchu kwi Phondo lase Free State, kufunyaniswe ukuba ubuchule be IRWH bandise isivuno sezityalo zexesha lase hlotyeni: Isivuno sombona sinyke ngama 40%, esika jongilanga sonyuke ngama 30% ze esembotyi ezomileyo sonyuka ngama 90%.
Kucetyiswa ukuba kugalelwe ingca eyomileyo kwindawo ehamba amanzi ukuze umhlaba ungakhukuliseki namanzi.
Imivuzo Yoqokelela Amanzi Emvula Phakathi Kwi Ntsimi
Imivuzo Yesigingqi Esenzelwe Ukuhlala Amanzi:Sithintela amanzi angaqengqeleki.
Sandisa izinga lokutshona kwamanzi emhlabeni.
Sigcina amanzi aqokelelweyo ngaphazu komhlaba.
Ukugalelwa kwengca eyomileyo emazantsi ezi zigingqi kunciphisa ukuphela kwamanzi ngenxa yolophu.
Imivuzo Yokwakha Indawo Amanzi Abalekela Kuyo:
Kunceda ekubeni amanzi abenendawo afika ame kuyo.
Isebenza njengendawo yesibini yokugcina amanzi.
Ukubekwa kwengca eyomileyo kwezindawo kunciphisa ukuphela kwamanzi ngenxa yolophu kuthintele nokhukuliseko lomhlaba.
Iimfuno Zokukhongozelwa Kwamanzi Awela Entsimini - IRWH
Ubuchule be IRWH abuwulungelanga umhlaba oyisanti ephasalakayo, kwaye kungcono isetyenziswe kwimihlaba eludongwe okanye imihlaba yohlobo lwe duplex soils – neyimihlaba exubeneyo ekwanalo nodongwe. Ukuze ubone ukuba lukhona na udongwe emhlabeni, bumba isuntswana lomhlaba ngokunga ubumba umbungu; wanduke ulijike wenze unobumba u "C".Umhlaba omqengqelezi akufanelanga ugqithele kwi 8% kwimihlaba engenakukhukuliseka, efana namatye. Kwaye imvula kufuneka ibengama 450 ukuya kuma 700 mm ngonyaka.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana