Macro-Catchment
Madi a mvula avha tshi khou bva kha madi ane vha atshi khou gidima u mona fhasi tsini na bulasi kana dzi puloto. Madi anga kona u fhungudziwa akona u vhewa kha dzi terrace dzine dza nga jessours dzine dza shumiswa Tunisia. Hedzi dzi terraces dzi ya wanala fhethu hune ha vha na migodi hune ha vha na mvula dza nwaha dzine dza swika 100 - 200 mm. Mvula hezwi i tshi khou na nga urali iya kona u engedza uvha hone ha madi zwine zwa fhedza zwi tshi khou swika kha 400 - 500 mm ya mvula nga nwaha. Dzi mbondo dza matombo dzine dza vha dzo tsa kana madamu ndi zwone zwithu zwa macro-catchment. Madi manwe na manwe anga kona u vhewa. Inwe mbuyelo hu vha hokateliwa u vusuludziwa ha madi ane avha uri afhasi na u langa midalo.Micro-Catchment
U Fara Madi Ubva Nntha ha Thanga ha Nndu
Madi a mvula avha atshi khou wanala kha thanga avha atshi khou kuvhanganiwa nga dzi gutter kana dzi bommbi a kona uya kha dzi thannga. Bommbi ndi yone ine ya vha yo tangana na thannga. Madi aya tavhanya avha hone hu tshi khou itelwa mishumo ya nduni.Ndila ya Khwinisa ya u Vhulunga Madi Amvula
Kha zwa-field rainwater harvesting (IRWH) zwikili zwa hone zwo bveledziwa nga vha u ita dzi thoduluso vha Agricultural Research Council’s Institute kha mavu, mutsho na madi Bloemfontein.Vha IRWH technique hu vha huna u vulea ha 2 m-wide strips vhukati ha zwimela zwine zwa vha zwo dzula kha dzi row na u kona u vhea madi ane avha atshi khou sokou tshimbila fhasi kha dzi basin kana madamu ane avha uri otsa. Musi hu tshi fhedza u itwa dzi basin, hu fanela usa tavhiwa tshithu na tilling - u lima na u litshedzana ha mavu-zwiitwa hune ha vha hu tshi khou elela madi na hune ha vha ho sikiwa dzi crust, zwine zwa thusa kha madi ane avha uri akhou tshimbila. Madi ane avha uri o kuvhanganyiwa nga hei ndila aya kona u tou dzhena fhasi kha mavu na fhasi-fhasi, zwa kona u fhungudza evaporation.
Hezwi zwa u kona u vhulunga madi ane avha a mvula zwi vha zwi tshi khou tanganisa zwithu zwa vhulimi na zwa u vhulunga madi, hu sina till, basin tillage na zwa mulching kha fhethu hune ha vha na khombo ya zwa gomelelo kha mavu a vumba. Basin tillage zwi vha zwi tshi khou amba mavu ane avha fhethu hune ha hwaliwa mavu, sa tsumbo madamu o tsaho, avha o vhofholowa. Hezwi zwi nga itwa nga rake na hone zwi nga ita uri madi akone u tou dzhena zwavhudi kha mavu.
Zwa IRWH technique zwi ya kona u fhungudza madi ane avha atshi khou sokou gidima hasala hu si tshena zwa dovha zwa fhungudza evaporation ubva mavuni. Hezwi zwi sia huna u gonya ha zwianiwa nga mulandu wa madi manzhi kha zwimela. Dzi thoduluso dzo itwaho Thaba Nchu Free state vho wana zwi kili zwa vha IRWH technique zwi tshi khou gonyisa u dala ha zwimela zwa tshilimo: mavhele a gonya nga 40%, sunflower nga 30% na dzi nawa dzo omaho nga 90%.
Zwi ya tutuwedziwa uri hu sheliwe mulch ka fhethu huneha vha na u gidima ha madi uri mavu asongo tuwa na one na madi atshi tuwa.
Mbuyelo ya Vhulunga Madi Masimuni
Mbuyelo ya dzi basin ndi:U fhungudza u vha na mufhalala tsimuni
Zwa fhungudza u sa vha na madi asongo kunaho
Ha vhewa madi ane vha uri o vhulungiwa kha tshivhumbeo tsha mavu
Ha sheliwa zwa mulch kha dzi basin u fhungudza evaporation
Mbuyelo ya fhethu hune ha vha na mufhalala:
U tutuwedza madi ane avha uri a khou sokou gidima
Hu shuma kha fhethu ha vhuvhili ha u vhulunga madi
U sheliwa mulch kha fhethu hune ha vha na u sokou gidima ha madi
U fhungudza evaporation
Na u thivhela mavu uri asongo fhalala
Zwine zwa todea kha-Field Rainwater Harvesting (IRWH)
Kha zwa-field rainwater harvesting azwi shumi kha mavu ane avha uri ana mutavha zwi vha zwavhdi kha mavu ane avha uri ndi a vumba kana a duplex – mavu ane avha uri ana dzi leyara dzine dza vha na vumba. Uri u kone u vhona vumba kha mavu, u fanela u vhumbuludza mavu matuku wa edzisa u a ita tshivhumbeo tsha C.fhasi a hu faneli u fhira 8% kana mavu ane avha uri a non-erodable, u fana na tombo na dzi mvula dzine dza da nga khalanwaha dzi fanela uvha dzi vhukati ha 450 na 700 mm.
Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe