Albertina Sisulu - Kusebentela iNingizimu Afrika lekhululekile

Kushada Netepolitiki

©Eric Miller

Albertina Sisulu bekangekho kupolitiki ngaphambi kwekuhlangana naWalter nga1941. Noma sekahlangene naye, bekahamba imihlangano kusekela yena. Emshadweni wabo Nelson Mandela watsi “Albertina, ushade indvodza leshade nepolitiki ingakahlangani nawe”. Emuva kwekutsi bashade, wabese ungena kakhulu kupolitiki. Waba yincenye yeANC yebantfu besifazane.

Nga1954 waba yincenye yeFederation of South African Women (FEDSAW), wabangumengameli yayo eTransvaal nga1963 ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi waba ngumengameli yayo live lonkhe. Likhaya lakaSisulu laba yindzawo yekuhlanganyela kweANC.

Iminyaka Yebumatima

Umnyaka wa1952 waletsa umkhankaso wekuphikisana nelibandlululo. Kwakubambisene Ianc, South African Indian Congress and South African Community Party. Hulumende welibandlululo waphendvula ngekuvala iCommunism Act, lokwalandzelwa kuboshwa kwa Walter indzodza yaAlbertina kanye nebantfu labangu20.

Iminyaka leminyenti lelandzelako Walter waboshwa kanyenti, loku kwenta Albertina asale asokola phindze ahlushwa maphoyisa ngoba bekatimbandzakanye neANC yebesifazane kanye neFEDSAW. Washo loku lokulandzelako ngesikhatsi Walter aboshiwe:

“Yonkhe leminyaka angizange ngibe nemphilo lelula. Ngoba kusukela nga1958 nangisejele, kwabakucala kwemphilo yami ngiphuma ngingena ejele. 58 bengisejele, 63 bengisejele nendvodzana yami leneminyaka lengu17. Saboshelwa kuvalwa kweCommunism Act, loko kwakusho kuvalelwa emalanga langu 90 ungakayi enkantolo.

Saya ejele emalanga langu90, emuva kwaloko sakhishwa. Nasesiphumile besihlukumetwa ngemaphoyisa. Lokokwangenta ngabona ngatsi kuncono ehambe kulelive. Wabaleka eveni nga63. Nga64 emuva kwekutsi Walter bamugwebe kutsi utohlala ejele imphilo yakhe yonkhe, mine bangivala kutsi ngingenti lutfo iminyaka lengu5.

Lokuvalwa loku, kwakusho kutsi ngeke ngikhone kuhamba imihlangano. Bengingakhoni kuya dvutane netindzawo tekufundza futsi netinkantolo. Emuva kwaleminyaka lesihlanu, nganikwetwa iminyaka lelishumi kusti ngihlale endlini, ngingavumeleki kuphuma. Loku kwabamatima kakhulu, nyalo besengingedvwa nendvodza yami isejele.”

Kutelekela imitsetfo lengekho kahle

Noma Albertina angenela ipolitiki ngenca yendvodza yakhe, kepha wacubeka nemsebenti wekukhulula iNingizimu Afrika noma indvodza yakhe isejele. Ngemunyaka wa1953, hulumende wangenisa iBantu Education Act. Loku kwakusho kutsi bantfwana labamnyama baseNingizimu Afrika abatfola lizinga lefundvo leliphansi. Albertina Sisulu kanye nalabanye bantfu beANC kanye FEDSAW abajabulanga ngalesi sincumo. Bahlanganisa siteleka lesiya eUnion building kulwisana nalena Act.

Kuphikisana neBantu Education, bakhipha bantfwana babo etikolweni tahulumende bayotifundzisela bona emakhaya. Lena mitamo ayiphumelelanga. Nga1976 bantfwana labafundziswa ku Bantu Education, bangenela siteleka lesaba neludlame kakhulu.

Mhlaka 9 August 1956, Albertina Sisulu wahlanganyela labanye bantfu besifazane labangu 20 000 labalwela inkhululeko lokufaka ekhatsi Helen Joseph and Sophia Williams-De Bruyn, eluhambeni leliya eUnion buildings ePitoli kulwisana nelipheshana lekumele uhlale uliphatsa.

Bekasebenta njengelinesi ngaleso sikhatsi, umtsetfo bewutsi uma ukewaboshwa utosuswa emagameni emanesi. Loku akumucedzanga emandla, noma umndeni wakhe bobheke yena kuphela, kuphelelwa ngumsebenti bekutosho kutsi ngeke akhone kondla umndeni wakhe.

Ngalelo langa yena kanye nalabanye labangu 2000 bebateleka nabo baboshwa, bahlala emaviki lamabili ejele. Bagcine bakhishwa ngoba batfolwa bangena cala. Nelson Mandela beka ngummeli wabo ngalelo langa. Albertina akazange alahlekelwa ngumsebenti wakhe. Lamuhla 9 August ujabulelwa njengelilanga lebantfu besifazane eNingizimu Afrika.

Kuhlukumetwa Ngemaphoyisa

Albertina waphindze waboshwa ngemaphoyisa nga1963, loku emuva kwekutsi tikhulu tangaleso sikhatsi tingakhoni kutfola indvodza yakhe Walter emuva kwekutsi aphume ngebheyili. Loku kwamenta wabangumuntfu wekucala wesifazane kuvalelwa ngephansi kwemtsetfo weAmendment Act. Kwekucala wavalelwa yedvwa tinyanga letimbili, kwalandzelwa kutsi ahlale endlini angavumeleki kuphuma. Walter waphoswa wayiswa eRobben Island.

Emuva kwaloku Albertina bekangena aphuma ejele futsi amiswa ekwenteni leminye imisebenti. Lokumiswa loku kwakusho kutsi ngeke akhone kuya emihlanganweni futsi ngeke aphume kundzawo yakhe.

Albertina wakhuluma kutsi bekunjani kuhlukumetwa ngemaphoyisa: “Emaphoyisa bekafika ebusuku kakhulu, ngabo 1 ebusuku. Ngalesinye sikhatsi singati kutsi batofunani. Bebavele bakutjele kutsi batohlola. Nawuvula umnyango utfola emaphoyisa egcwele ngaphandle, afuna kutsi uvule umnyango.” Bantfwana bakaSisulu nabo bebakhona kupolitiki.

Nkuli lomntfwana lomncane kunabo bonkhe, watfolakala esitelekeni sase Soweto sebafundzi, bamubamba phindze bamushaya. Lindiwe indvodzakati lendzala, bayibamba bayiyisa eJohn Vorster Square ngenca yekutimbandzakanya kanye neBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM). Loku kwamenta Albertina weva buhlungu kubona bantfwana bakhe bahlukumeteka ngalena ndlela.

Kuvusetelwa kutePolitiki

Ngemunyaka wa1981, loku Albertina bekamisiwe kutsi angakwenti kwasuswa kwangaphindze kwabuyiswa. Bekamiswe iminyaka lengu18, loku sikhatsi lesindze umuntfu lake wamiswa ngaso eNingizimu Afrika ngaleso sikhatsi. Wabese uyacubeka nemsebenti wakhe we FEDSAW nemsebenti wekubambisana kuba ngumengameli weUDF.

Kepha nga1983 waboshwa emuva kwekutsi akhankasele ANC emgcwabeni wemngani wakhe. Wahlala ejele tinyanga letisikhombisa ejele angakayi enkantolo. Nga1989, indvodza yakhe Walter wakhululwa ejele. Ngaloyo mnyaka futsi ANC yavunyelwa kutsi ibe inhlangano letimele. Walter wakhetfwa kutsi abelisekela lamengameli weANC futsi Albertina naye wakhetfwa kutsi abe lisekela lamengameli weANC yebantfu besifazane.

Translated by Thandokuhle Motha

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