Ukubuka Konke
Ngemva kwenkathi yokukhula zonke izakhi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo kanye nesakhiwo somhlabathi kumele zisetshenziswe enhlabathini ngendlela yokuquba umquba. Umquba wenziwa izinto zomvelo ezifakwayo ukuba zisebenze njenge zakhi zesitshalo. Lezi zinto zidilizwa yimvubelo, isikhunta kanye nezinye izinambuzane zomhlabathi emhlabathini kuze kube yilapho ziqubutheka emanzini angaphansi komhlaba ngakho-ke zingangena ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Ngale ndlela izitshalo zinikezwa isondlo.Uma umquba ubhidlizwa ngokuphelele yimbewu yokufa, ihumusi yakhiwa. Yikhabhoni enhle engaguqukiyo. Izinzuzo zehumusi zihlanganisa ukugcinwa kwamaminerali, ukugcinwa kwamanzi (ihumusi ibamba futhi ibophe amanzi) futhi kusiza ukuqinisa i-esidi yenhlabathi. Umquba omuhle wengezwa ukuze kuthuthukise isakhiwo somhlabathi, umthamo wokubamba amanzi kanye nokwandisa impilo yomhlabathi ngokufaka izinto eziphilayo eziphathelene nezinambuzane ezithwala inhlabathi. Abanye abakhiqizi bangezela umquba emhlabathini uma betshala izitshalo ezintsha.
Umphumela womquba ekukhuleni kwesitshalo ungaqhubeka phakathi nezinkathi eziningana. Inani lomquba osetshenziswe lincike ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe, ikhwalithi yesitshalo esilindiwe futhi inqunywa nezidingo zomhlabathi kanye nezakhi zomquba. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucacisa okuqukethwe ngamaminerali, i-esidi nezinye izakhiwo zomquba ngokuhlaziywa ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuphuleka kwesitshalo kumele kulungiswe ukondleka kwamaqabunga kanye nezinongo.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomquba lutholakala enhlanganisweni yomquba wezilwane (inayitrojeni) njengamanyolo ezinkomo kanye nezitshalo (ikhabhoni) ezifana namagatsha, amahlamvu noma(zangaphandle) izihlahla.Okulahliweyo epulazini njengemfucuza yohlala, izikhumba zamagilebhisi kanye nezitshalo zokugqiba ezigcotshiwe zingasetshenziselwa ukuquba umquba. Isilinganiso esithile sekhabhoni kuya kwinayitrojeni siyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle izinto ezibonakalayo zibe umquba olinganisela kahle-isilinganiso esibizwa nge-C: N.
Inqubo yokwakha umquba okwemvelo idinga umswakama, i-oksijini nesikhathi kanye nokushisa okuqala ezingeni lokushisa-amashumi amahlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha, isikhathi esithile sokubhubhisa ukhula. Umquba kufanele ube 'ugayeke kahle' njengomquba ohlaza ungashisa izimpande zezitshalo futhi kwandise ukulahlekelwa kwamaminerali.
Isiphakamiso esiphezulu sokusetshenziswa komquba lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ukulima okuncane, u-20 - 30 m³ / ha okwemifino kanye ne-10 m³ / ha mayelana nemivini, izithelo nezinhlamvu. Ngisho njengoba nje u-5 m³ / ha womquba omuhle ungenza umehluko enhlabathini ebingondlekile kahle. Okukhishiwe emqubeni, ingxube yamanzi nomquba, kungafakwa enhlabathini ngokusebenzisa ukuchelela noma ngokufafaza.
Translated by Nsika Khoza