Ku Chela Manyoro Ensinwini ya Madiriva
Endzhaku ka nguva yobyal, swakudya hinkwaswo swankoka eka kukula ka ximilani na xivumbeka xa misava swifanele kutiyisisiwa emisaveni hi xivumbeko xa manyoro. Manyoro kungava swilo swinwana na swinwana leswi bolaka leswi cheriwaka leswaku swita tirha tani hi swakudya swa misava kungari swimilani. Swilo hinkwaswo leswi bolaka swihlanhleleriwa hi swilo swofana na yeasts, fungi natinwana ti microbes ta misava kufikela swin’wokelana eka mati lawa ya cheriwaka laha eku heteleleni swi tswongiwaka hi timintsu ta swimilani.
Hindlela leyi swakudya swiphakeriwa eka swimilani. Loko manyoro yatava ya hlanhleleriwile hiti microbes, kuva na humus. Lexi ixivumbeko xinwana xa moya. Mbuyelo wa humus wukatsa ku hlayisiwa ka ti minerali, nhlayiso wa mati naswona yi pfuneta ku tshamisekisa pH ya misava. Manyoro ya kahle ya cheleriwa ku antswisa xivumbeko xa misava, makhomelo ya mati na ku engetelela vutomi bya misava hiku tisa ti organic matter leyinga kahle eka ti microbes. Van’wamapurasi vanwana va katsa manyoro eka misava loko vabyala swimilani.
Xiave xa manyoro eka kukula ka ximilani kungaya emahlweni kuringana tinguva to hlaya nyana. Nhlayo ya manyoro lawa ya cheriwaka yaya hi leswingata byariwa, khwalithi ya swibyariwa leswi languteriweke, yitlhela yi endliwa hi swilaveko swa misava yoleyo na swakudya leswinga eka manyoro yalawa. Se, swikahle kutiva nhlayo ya timinerali letinga kona, pH na swinwana leswinga eka manyoro yalawo hiku endla nkambisiso unga seya chela. Hambi swiritano, swifanele ku tsundzukiwa leswaku leswi xotaka eka ximilani swifanele ku lulamisiwa hi swakudya swa matluka na swinwana leswi katsiwaka.
Manyoro lawa yanga toloveleka kukumeka kuva ku hlanganisiwe vulongo bya swihari (nitrogen) kufana na vulongo bya homu na matluka kumbe byasi na swirhabyani (carbon) kusuka e nsinyeni. Swinwana swaleswi nga sukaka eka leswi tsemeleriwaka e purasini swinga tirhisiwa eka ku endla manyoro. Kuna nhlayo yokarhi ya carbon kuya eka nitrogen leyi lavekaka kusuka eka leswi katsiweke kuva swiya endla manyoro lawa ya ringaneleke, laha hi vulavula hi C:N ratio.
Ntirho lowu wo endla manyoro wulava kutsakama, moya na nkarhi xikanwe na mahiselo ya kwalomu ka 50 - 60°C kuringana nkarhi wokarhi leswaku swilo leswi swita bola. Manyoro yafanele kuva ya gayeleke kahle, hikuva loko swingari tano swita endla leswaku manyoro lawa ya hisa timintsu ta swimilani naku engetelela ku lahleka ka ti minerali. Leswi hlohleteriwaka hinkwako loko ku cheriwa manyoro laha ya cheriwaka e henhla, i 20 - 30 m³ / ha eka matsavu na kwalomu ka 10 m³ / ha eka madiriva, mihandzu na mavele.
Hambi kuri yantsongo kufikela eka 5 m³ / ha ya manyoro yakahle yanga tisa kuhambana swinene eka misava leyi pfumalaka swakudya. Manyoro, nkatsakannyo wa swihalaki swa manyoro na mati leswi nga humesiwa moya swinga fafazeriwa emisaveni hiku cheleta kumbe xofafazela.