Izinqubo zomzimba, amakhemikhali kanye neziphilayo ezitshalweni, njenge-photosynthesis, zithonywa ukushisa komoya. I-photosynthesis yinkqubo lapho izitshalo zezolimo zisetshenziswa khona ukukhanya kwelanga ukukhiqiza ama-carbohydrate, udaba olomile noma isivuno, ngaphandle kwamanzi kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
Izitshalo eziningi zikhula futhi zihlala ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa lika-0°C kuya ku-50°C kodwa kunoma yimuphi isitshalo, ububanzi bokushisa obukhulu bokukhula nokukhiqiza okuhle kuncane.
Izitshalo Ezifanele isimo Sezulu Esibandayo Nezifanele isimo Sezulu Esifudumele
Izitshalo zezulu ezishisayo zihlanganisa ama-cabbages, izaqathe, i-beetroot, i-ulethisi, isipinashi, i-peas no-anyanisi.Lezi zitshalo zikhula kangcono emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-15 ºC kuya ku-18 ºC.
Izitshalo ezifudumele ezinjengobhontshisi, amathanga, amaqabunga, ukhukhamba, amazambane, ummbila kanye notamatisi zikhula kahle emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-18ºC kuya ku-27ºC.
Izindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi "amakhadikhadi" okushisa okuphansi (okuphansi okubekezeleleka, okuhle kakhulu, okubekezeleleke kakhulu) ahlukile phakathi kwezitshalo kodwa futhi phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula zesitshalo esifanayo.
Endabeni yezimo zezulu ezipholile, kubalulekile ukucacisa izinsuku zokutshala ezizoqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno sakhula ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezifanele.
Ukushisa Nezifo Zezitshalo
Ukushisa kwemoya, kuhlanganiswe nomswakama ohambelana nomzimba, ukushisa ngamanzi noma umswakama emoyeni, kuvame ukucacisa izifo zezitshalo kodwa kungasiza futhi kwezinye izimo.Isibonelo esihle ukutshala isifo, isifo segciwane, ku-citrus. Kuyinkinga enkulu eMpumalanga nasezifundazweni zaseLimpopo, kodwa hhayi emaProvinsi aseNtshona naseMpumalanga Kapa.
Inambuzane ethwala futhi isakaza igciwane ayikwazi ukuhlala emazingeni aphezulu okushisa futhi kubonakala sengathi ukushisa okushisa, okumile okomile ezindaweni ezikhulayo zase-Western naseMpumalanga Kapa cishe kungesizathu sokungabi khona kwezifo eziluhlaza kulezi zindawo.
Imvula Nokushisa
Ukushisa kwendawo kanye nezinkathi zemvula zidlala indima ekukhethweni kokugcina kwezitshalo.Isibonelo, njengoba amagilebhisi asengozini yezifo ze-fungal lapho etshalwe ngesimo sezulu esinyameni, amagilebhisi kufanele akhule endaweni lapho imvula iphansi noma endaweni yemvula yasebusika.
Izitshalo ezishisayo, isb. i-avocado, i -ava, i-litchi, i-mango, izithelo zothando, i-pawpaw kanye ne-ananas, ingahlwanyelwa kuphela ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezingenayo iqhwa.
Izinsuku zidinga cishe izinsuku ezingu-180 ngamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke afudumele kakhulu 18ºC kanye nemvula encane kakhulu yokukhiqiza izithelo eziphumelelayo.
Ukushisa kanye Nekhwalithi Yezitshalo
Izikhathi umehluko omncane wokushisa ungathinta izinga lomkhiqizo. Ushukela we-sugar beet uyanciphisa uma izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokukhula liphansi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo nalapho ubude benkathi ekhulayo engakabi isikhathi eside ngokwanele uketshezi okwanele kukhiqizwa.Ubude benkathi ekhulayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu nawo kubalulekile ekutshalweni kwezitshalo zasehlobo zasehlobo. Ummbila udinga izinkathi ezinde kodwa ama-cultivars asezingeni elifushane elivuna kakhulu manje asethuthukile.
Ukushisa Nokuhluma
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi, izinga lokushisa elikhulu, ukuhluma okuphezulu kunazo zonke ngesikhathi esifushane, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu lapho ukuhluma kwesitshalo kuzokwenzeka khona. Lawa mazinga okushisa ahluke phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo.Translated by Nsika Khoza