Migingiriko hinkwayo ya physiological, chemical naya biological eka swimilani, kufana na photosynthesis, swihlohleteriwa hi mahiselo ya moya. Photosynthesis i maendlelo lawa eku rimiweni ka swibyariwa switirhisaka miseve ya dyambu ku humesa ti carbohydrates, mbuyelo wo oma, ku hela ka mati xikan’we na carbon dioxide.
Swimilani swotala swimila xikan’we naku hanya exikarhi ka mahiselo lawa yanga eka 0°C kuya eka 50°C kambe eka ximilani xin’wana na xin’wana, mahiselo yakahle kuva xikota kukula kahle naku humelela aya anamangi.
Swimilani swa Maxelo yo Titimela nayo Kufumela
Swimilani swa ma maxelo yo titimela swikatsa khavichi, carrots, beetroot, lettuce, xipinichi, tinyawa na tinyala. Swimilani leswi swihanya kahle eka mahiselo yale xikarhi ka 15ºC kuya eka 18ºC.Swimilani swa maxelo yo kufumela swofana na ti beans, makwembe, squashes, cucumbers, mazambala, mavele xikan’we na matamatisi swikula kahle eka maxelo lawa yanga exikarhi ka 18ºC kuya eka 27ºC.
Leswi vuriwaka mahiselo ya “cardinal” ya fambela exikarhi ka (lawa tolovelekaka, yale xikarhi, yale henhlae ya hambana exikarhi ka swibyariwa kambe swiya hi switei swohambana swakukula ka swibyariwa leswifanaka.
Eka swimilani swa maxelo yo hola, swina nkoka ku tiva masiku yobyala leswingata tiyisisa leswaku swimilani swibyariwa eka mahiselo lawa lulameleke.
Mahiselo na Mavabyi ya Swimilani
Mahiselo ya moya, swikatsana na relative humidity, nkahelo wa mati kumbe kutsakama ka maoya, switala ku hlamusela mavabyi ya swimilani kambe swinga vuyerisa eka minkarhi yin’wana.Xikombiso xa kahle i greening disease, xitsongwatsongwani lxa mavabyi, eka misinya ya milamula. Lexi i xiphiqo lexikulu swinene e swifundzeni swa Mpumalanga na Limpopo, kambe aya kona e swifundzeni swa Western na Eastern Cape. Xitsotswani lexi hangalasaka xitsongwatsongwani lexi xikota ku hanya eka mahiselo yale henhla naswona swivonaka onge mahiselo lawa yanga amukelekiki, mimoya yo oma yale Western nale Eastern Cape laha kungana misinya ya malamula kungava xona xivangelo xaku pfumaleka ka greening disease eka tindzhawu leti.
Mpfula na Mahiselo
Mahiselo ya laha kaya xikan’we na nguva ya mpfula swina xiave eka swibyariwa leswi faneleke ku byariwa. Xikombiso, tani hi madiriva ya hlaseriwaka hi mavabyi ya fungi loko ya byariwa eka maxelo ya timpfula, madiriva ya fanela kubyariwa eka ndzhawu leyi mpfula yinga ehansi kumbe laha kungana timpfula ta xixika.Swibyariwa swa laha ku hisaka, e.g. avocado, guava, litchi, mango, passion fruit, pawpaw na xihenge, swinga byariwa ntsena eka tindzhawu letingariki na gwitsi.
Masiku ya lava kwalomu ka 180 wa masiku lawa yangana mahiselo ya masiku hinkwawo lawa yanga e henhla ka 18ºC xikan’we na timpfula tale hansi leswaku mihandzu yita humelela kahle.
Mahiselo na Khwalithi ya Swimilani
Minkarhi yin’wana kuhambana kantsongo ka mahiselo swingava na xiave eka khwalithi ya swibyariwa. Vukona bya chukele eka sugar beet swahunguteka loko mahiselo hinkarhi wokula ka swimilani swile hansi. Swifana swinene na loko kuleha ka nguva yokula kunga lehangi kuringanela leswaku chukele rita humelerisiwa. Ku leha ka nguva yo kula xikan’we na mahiselo yale henhla naswona swina nkoka eka swibyariwa swa ximumu. Mavele ya lava nguva yoleha swinene kambe mbuyelo wale henhla nguva yantshovelo wa swibyariwa yale hansi se yi endliwile.Mahiselo na Kumila ka Swimilani
Kuna mahiselo yale hansi, mahiselo yale xikarhi, kumila kale henhla hinkarhi wokoma, xikan’we na mahiselo ya kahle laha kumila ka swimilani swingata humelela kona. Mahiselo lawa yata hambana kuya hiku hambana ka tinxaka ta swimilani.Translated by Ike Ngobeni