Incazelo
I-Pinot noir iyinhlobo ehlukahlukene yamagilebhisi ewayini ehlotshaniswa namanye amawayini ahamba phambili kunawo wonke futhi aphuza kakhulu emhlabeni. Igama, elitholakala emagameni aseFrance elisho ukuthi "i-pine" nelithi "black", libhekisela ekujuleni komqondo wezinhlamvu zamagilebhisi ezifana ne-pine cone nombala omnyama wamajikijolo.
I-Pinot noir ikholakala ukuthi ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zomndeni wakwaPinot. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kukhona okungu-20 ushintsho lwePinot noir, okuyilapho i-Pinot gris ne-Pinot blanc kutshalwa khona eNingizimu Afrika, naphezu kwezinga elincane.
Iziqalo
I-Pinot noir iye yalinywa eBurgundy France kusukela ngekhulu lokuqala. Iningi lalo udumo linikelwe emakhosini aseCistercian aseBurgundy, okwathi phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, watshala izivini yonke indawo eyakha izindlu zezindela. Ezingaphezu kwamakhulu ama-vintages, lawa madonki athatha amarekhodi okukhiqiza okuningiliziwe lapho aphawula khona izindawo lapho lezi zivini zikhula khona.
Lezi zindlovu zaqala ukudala imibiko yokuqala yokuvuna emhlabeni futhi zazala umqondo wokuthi ezihlukahlukene zibonisa izimo ezincane nezindawo zendawo, okuthiwa yi "terroir", lapho itshalwe khona. Isonto lalinemivini yasetshenziselwa imindeni eBurgundy ngenkathi inguquko yesiFulentshi isondela ngo-1789.
Yize kuyinhlobonhlobo eyinselele yokukhula, ukukhiqizwa kuye kwanda emazweni ahlukahlukene eminyakeni eminingi njengoba abenzi bewayini bezama ukufeza izinga elifanayo lewayini ehlotshaniswa newayini laseBurgundy. I-Pinot noir isuke yaba yi-30 kuya kweziyisikhombisa ezihlukahlukene ezitshalwe phakathi kuka-1990 no-2010.
Amanye Amagama
Izinhlobonhlobo zibizwa nangokuthi i-Spätburgunder eJalimane, eBrazil naseCanada; I-Pinot Nero noma i-Blauburgunder eGrisi, eHungary nase-Italy; noma iBurgundac e-United States naseYugoslavia.Ukukhiqizwa eNingizimu Afrika
UProfesa Abraham Izak Perold wangenisa i-Swiss BK5 Pinot noir clone azungeze ama-1920s kanye noMurati eStellenbosch yaba yipulazi lokuqala lokutshala izihlobo ngo-1927. Izikhathi ezihlukahlukene zazama ukuhamba kwezinye izindawo kuneStellenbosch, ngenxa yokugxila okuqinile ukukhiqizwa kwewayini ngokwemvelo esikhundleni sewayini.
Isistimu ye-quota, eyethulwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, iphinde ivunyelwe ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqiza. Maphakathi nawo-1970, uTim Hamilton Russel waseHamilton Russel Wines esiGodini saseHemel-en-Aarde wadlala indima enkulu ekuvuleni amandla okwenene ePinot Noir kuleli zwe, lapho enquma ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo naphezu kwesistimu yekota ukuthi i-clone etholakalayo yayihlose ukukhiqizwa kokukhipha futhi hhayi iwayini letafula.
Kanye no-winemaker wakhe ngaleso sikhathi, uPeter Finlayson, uRussel wabonisa ukuthi i-Hemel-en-Aarde Valley ibe yinto enhle yokukhiqiza iPinot noir. Ama-clones amasha eDijon, afaneleka kangako ekukhiqizeni amawayini amathebula amahle, atholakala eNingizimu Afrika ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990.
Kanye nokushiya ekukhiqizweni kwewayini eliphezulu, la ma-clones amasha aholela ezindaweni eziningi eziningi ezikhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise no-Elgin, iDoring Bay noFranschoek. UProfessor Perold wadlulela uPinot noir noCinsaut ukuze akhiqize izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zaseNingizimu Afrika, i-Pinotage.
Izifunda Zokukhiqiza
Indawo engaphansi kwePinot noir eNingizimu Afrika iye yanda ngokumelela u-0,8% wendawo yonke ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi ewayini kuze kufike ku-1,2% ngo-2016. Nakuba lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza, indawo enkulu kunazo zonke ngaphansi kwalezi zivini esisedolobheni laseCape South, elandelwa uStellenbosch, uRobertson noPaarl. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula ezindaweni ezipholile lapho umhlaba ucebile khona.Ukukhula
I-Pinot noir inezilinganiso eziphansi. Izindlela zokukhiqiza eziphakathi kuka-8 t / ha kuya ku-14 t / ha, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kufanele kugcinwe phansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yewayini.Ukuvuthwa
Amagilebhisi avuthwe ekuqaleni kwe-midseason, kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala kaFebruwari.Amajikijolo
Amajikijolo amancane, ama-oval ayenemibala ephakathi kwe-violet-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumnyama. Isikhumba sincane futhi sinzima, kanti inyama iyathambile, iyamnandi futhi iyamanzi.Amahlamvu
Izinambuzane Nezifo
Izinhlobonhlobo zijwayele ukushisa ilanga, amagciwane, izifo ze-fungal nokubola. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kusenza kube yingozi ekulimaleni kwezinyoni.Sebenzisa
I-Pinot noir eNingizimu Afrika isetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko ukukhiqiza izinga elimangalisayo nelingu-premium quality single varietal namanje amawayini. Kungase kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene, okuyizinto ezikhethwa nguChardonnay noPinot Meunier.Ukudla
Ukunambitheka okujwayelekile kwePinot noir kuthonywe yiziguquko ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi indawo yokukhiqiza, izimo ezincane zezulu nezindlela ezincane zezulu, indlela imivini ephathwa ngayo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza iwayini.
Iwayini elincane lingase linambithe izithelo ezibomvu, ezifana nama-raspberries, ama-plums, ama-cranberries nama-cherry, njengalapho iwayini livame ukukhula emanzini asemhlabeni, ngamanothi ama-truffles, amakhowe asendle, aphilisa inyama namafutha angaphandle.
Translated by Zodwa Makondo