Yintoni I-Agroecology?

© Alan Rosenberg

I-Agroecology yisayenzi yezolimo nesele isenziwa kwihlabathi lonke liphela.

Iziseko ze Agroecology

Imithetho esi siseko ye agroecology ijolise ekwenzeni umhlaba ochumileyo kwaye ikwakhuthaza amafama ukuba ondle umhlaba kunokuba ondle isityalo. I-agroecology isebenzisa kakhulu ulwazi lwemveli olwalusetyenziswa sisizwe samaIroquois, uhlanga lwe native American. I-agroecology ikwavuma ukuba kwezolimo kufuneka kujongwe i 7th Generation Principle. Oku kuthetha ukuba izigqibo esizithatha namhlanje kufanele zikwazi ukuphilisa izizukulwana ezi sixhenxe ezilandelayo. Lo mthetho ukwa khuthaza nokuphuculwa komhlaba ube sempilweni, ngokuthi kugxininiswe ukuba kufuneka sigxile ekuphuculeni umhlaba hayi izityalo.
I-agroecology isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto zendalo kwaye iinjongo zayo kukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zentengo kwezolimo.
I-agroecology ingasetyenziswa kwezolimo noguyo olufana nokudityaniswa kwezityalo kwintsimi enye, ukulotywa ngendlela yakudala kunye nokufuywa kwe zilwanyana ngendlela yase makhaya, imithi, imfuyo, ukwenziwa nokusetyenziswa kwezichumiso kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwembewu efumaneka kwakeli lizwe kunye nemfuyo ngokunjalo.

I-Agroecology Kwezolimo neMfuyo

©Alan Rosenberg
i-Agroecology icebisa ukuba ezolimo nofuyo lukhokelise imveliso yokutya ngendlela engonakalisi/exhaphaza indalo. Ulimo nofuyo luyaphuhla nangakumbi xa kusetyenziswa uzinto zendalo. Lo mzekelo ulandelayo ubonisa indlela yokuphucula umgangatho womhlaba nowezityalo ngoku sebenzisa izichumiso zendalo, endaweni yokulwa indalo ngeekhemikhali.
Amafama asebenza nge agroecology ajole ekuphuhliseni impilo yomhlaba, nokuchuma kwawo, andise isivuno, omeleze imarike zemveliso yawo aze aphuhlise nelizwe elise mpilweni. Konke oku bakwenzela phezu kolwazi abanalo lwemveli nezithethe zokhokho bawo.

Ukukhula kwe Agroecology

I-agroecology ayilogama litsha-ingabonwa kwizibhalo ze sayensi zeminiyaka yoo 1920. Kutsha nje sele kuthethwa ngayo i-agroecology nakwiindibano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nakwizakhiwo ze UN.
Kuthiwa i-agroecology idibanisa eze politiki, uluntu,ezezimali kunye nezezithethe zoluntu. Ngenene, inyanisekile kwisigqibo sokuhlonela amalungelo endalo nesibizwa nge ‘Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth,’ nesaqulunqwa kwi Nkofa Yabantu beHlabathi (World People’s Conference) eyayijolise kuguquguquko lwemozulu ngomnyaka ka 2010.
Umbutho we Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) wabamba iisemina nge agroecology ukunceda amazwe ukutshintsha indlela avelisa ngayo ukutya kunye nezolimo, ukuze kube lulimo oluninzi. I-agroecology ijolise ekufezekiseni umnqweno woku phelisa indlala nya (‘Zero Hunger’) kwakunye nayo yonke eminye iminqweno yokuphuhlisa ihlabathi ngendlela ehlala ixesha elide nelungelene nendalo ya Mazwe Amanyeneyo.
Kwezi semina ze FAO, kwavela izinto ezili 10 ze agroecology:
Ukuxutywa kwezinto
Ukulungelelaniswa
Ukwenziwa ngendlela
Ukomelela
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto
Ukuhambisa
Ukwabelana ngolwazi
Izithethe zoluntu
Ulawulo olululo
Ezezimali ezijikelezayo nezihambisanayo
Zonke ezi zinto ziya hambelana kwaye into nganye ixhomekeke kwenye.

I-Agroecology eMzantsi Afrika

Kufunyaniswe ukuba nokuba kukweliphi na ilizwe apho i-agroecology iye yaba yimpumelelo, urhulumente welo lizwe ebenenkxaso. Iintshukumo zoluntu zikhokelele ekubeni urhulumente enze iipolisi ezixhasa i-agroecology.
eMzantsi Afrika, kukho umqulu wesine obizwa nge ‘confidential discussion document’ ka Agasti 2011. Lomqulu uthetha ngolimo lwendalo nalapho i-Organic Agriculture Policy ikwi drati ye 12. Kufanele kusekwe imigaqo esisi seko (regulatory framework) nezakulawula eli candelo. Oku kwenzelwa ukomeleza ukulandelwa kwemigaqo, ukungabinamfihlo, ukulandeleleka kwemvelaphi kunye nokunyaniseka, ukuxhasa imveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nemveliso ezikhuselekileyo zoluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye neemakethi zamanye amazwe.

Translated by Zizipho Silwana