Ukwandiswa
Ivatala yandiswa/ikhula kwimbewu. Imbewu ingatyalwa ngqo emhlabeni okanye izithole zingakhuliselwa kwii treyi zembewu. Ezi zithole zingakhutshelelwa emhlabeni xa sele zikhulile.Indlela Yokutyala
Tyala imbewu yevatala kubunzulu obungama 30mm ukuya kuma 40mm. Oku kwenziwa ngesandla onganye ngemitshini yokutyala. Qiniseka ukuba umhlaba umanzi phambi kokutyala uze unkcenkceshele ngoko nangoko emva kokutyala ukuzinzisa imbewu okanye izithole.Ukuqelelanisa
Izityalo zevatala kufanele ziqelelaniswe kangange 50 cm ukuya kuma 75 cm, kwimiqoo engama 150 cm ukuya kuma 200cm ukuqelelana. Isibalo sesityalo sibaphakathi kwama 8 000 kunye nama 15 000 ezityalo kwi hekthare nganye.
Kwaye kukwaxhomekeka nakwindidi, umlinganiselo kwakunye nomsebenzi wevatala ozakuyilima.
Amaxesha Okutyala Nokuhlwayela
Ukutyala imbewu yevatala kuvamise ukuba sekuqaleni kwentlakohlaza ekupheleni kwenyanga ka Agasti ukuya kuDisemba eMzantsi Afrika. Izithole zokuqala zivela xa imozulu iqala ukufudumala kwaye okoba kubalulekileyo kuxa amaqondo obushushu omhlaba engaphezuli kwe 15°C.
Ukuba amaqondo omhlaba angaphantsi oku, zizakukhula zingalingani izityalo zakho, maxa wambi imbewu ayizukukwazi nokuntshula. Ukukhawulezisa imveliso, abanye abavelisi benza izithole kwizindlu zokutyala (greenhouses) ngenyanga ka Julayi baze balindele imeko ezilungileyo ukuze batyale izithole.
Oku kungabanika iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokuvuna kuqala kunabo bavelisi bahlwayela imbewu ngqo emhlabeni.
Ixesha Lokukhula
Ixesha lokukhula liphakathi kweveki ezili 12 kunye nezili 18, kuxhomekeka kwindidi yevatala kunye nemozulu ngethuba ivatala ibikhula. Iindidi ezincinane ze vatala nezingenangcambu zivuthwa msinya kwaye ziyathandwa ngenxa yokuba zithengiseka msinya.Izichumiso
Ukugalelwa kwezichumiso kufanele kwenziwe ngokwengcebiso ozinikiweyo ngethuba ufumana iziphumo zohlolo lomhlaba kwakunye nesidingo sesityalo sakho.
Umkhomba ndlela wokudingekayo kwivatala yakho uzakuwufumana apha. Ngethuba uhlakula isityalo sokugquma kunye nomgquba malunga neeveki ezi 5 phambi kokutyala, sasaza ama 350kg e superphosphate kwi hekthare nganye uze uhlakule konke oku kubunzulu obumalunga nama 500mm omhlaba ngaxesha nye.
Kwinqanaba eliphambi kokutyala, kwintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokutyala. Sebenzisa isixhobo sokuhlakula esiyi disk harrow.
Uzakusebenzisa esi sixhobo ukuxuba malunga nama 800 kg e 2:3:4 (27) kwi hekthare nganye. Enza oku kumhlaba ongama 20cm wangaphezulu. Kwiiveki ezimalunga nesithathu ukuya kwisine emva kokutyala, xa sele izityalo zizinzile kwaye zikhula kakuhle, galela ama 300 ukuya kuma 400 kg e 1:0:1 (36) omxube we Nitrogen (N) kunye ne Potassium (K) kanye apha ngasemiqolweni yesityalo wandule ukunkcenkceshela ngoko nangoko.
Malunga neeveki ezintathu emva koku phinda ugalele ama 300 ukuya kuma 400 kg we 1:0:1 (36). Oku ke kundedisana nokuphuhla kwesiqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa. Nkcenkceshela ngoko nangoko rhoqo emva kokugalela isichumiso.
Ukunkcenkceshela
Ngaphambi kokutyala, nkcenkceshela umhlaba ngokwaneleyo ukuze izithole zikwazi ukukhula iingcambu msinya zisebenzise nezinongo esele zigalelwe emhlabeni phambi kokutyala. Gada ubumanzi bomhlaba ngalo lonke ixesha. Ungabujonga ubumanzi ngesandla usebenzisa umhlakulo okanye ifotsholo okanye usebenzise imitha zokuhlola ubumanzi.
Nkcenkceshela malunga nama 30 ukuya kuma 35 mm amanzi ngeveki. Oku kuvamise ukohlulwa phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngeveki ngethuba izityalo zisakhula. Njengokuba isiqhamo siyondelelana kwaye nengcambu sele zisomelela, ungazicutha iintsuku zokunkcenkceshela. Mhlawumbi ungankcenkceshela kubekanye ngeveki kwimihlaba eludaka kakhulu.
Njengokuba kusondela ilixa lokuvuna, nokunkcenkceshelwa kufanele kuncitshiswe. Kwiveki yokugqibela phambi kokuvuna ungabe sele uyeka tuu ukunkcenkceshea ngaphandle kokuba amaqondo obushusu aphezulu kunye nokufuma kusezantsi.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana