Ubuncwane base Miqolombeni
Imizobo emihle ekhethekileyo eshiywe zizinyanya zama San kumatye nakumadonga emiqolomba kunye nezindlu zezona ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo zicacisiweyo kwilizwe lemizobo labazingeli- nabaqokeleli. Imibhalo ngokufanayo ebonakalisa isakhono (imizobo ethe yenziwa ngoku grumba ilitye – petroglyphs) zifumaneka kakhulu kumphakathi welizwe, kodwa imizobo yenzeka ngaphandle, ingakumbi kwindawo ezinamatye neentaba ezifana ne Drakensberg (KwaZulu Natal), eMpuma Koloni, kunye nakumazantsi - eNtshona Koloni (kuquka iCederberg).
Iziqu zabantu kunye neebhokhwe zasendle ezinkulu (antelope) zezona zichazwayo, kwaye imbonakaliso yomhlaba ayichazwa. Ngezizathu ezingaziwayo, imibhalo iquka imizobo eyenziwe ngesakhono kunemizobo. Ekuqaleni, abantu babecinga okokuba yayiboniswa ubomi bemihla ngemihla, okanye iminyaka nempumelelo ekuzingeleni, nangona kwakukho inkolelo yokuba imizobo inxulumene nenkolo kunye nenkolelo zengingqi, kwaye yayikhona kwase kuqaleni.
Elisiko lokuzoba lalisele lifile ngale nkulungwane, kwaye nangaphambili kwezinye indawo elizweni. Imibala esetyenziswa ngama San kwimizobo yabo yayingumbala obomvu ixesha elininzi, ukususela ku orenji ukuya kumdaka, nongqombo; tyheli; mnyama kunye nomhlophe; kunye nemibala ephuma kule ikhankanyiweyo. Umbala ohlaza (blue okanye ugreen) wawungasetyenziswa. Indlela ephucukileyo yekhemikhali ziyadingeka ukuphanda ukudityaniswa kwalemibala, nemibuzo emininzi, isafuna impendulo.
Imibala ebomvu yayifumaneka kwi haematite (ubomvu ne mbola) utyheli osuka kwi lamuni (imbola etyheli). iManganese oxide kunye namalahle yayikhe isetyenziswe kwimizobo emnyama, logama omhlophe, kwaye ongahlali ixesha elide kungenzeka wenzeke kwi kaolin okanye itela yentaka.
Ngeminyaka yo 1930’s indoda engum San endala, owaqaphele kakuhle abazobi bama San, wabonakalisa okokuba kwenziwa njani, ngendlela awaye bone kusenziwa ngayo ayikhumbulayo, wachaza okokuba udinga igazi le mpofu ukuze axube nemibala- ngokwenene, yeyona ithi ifakwe enentsingiselo kwaye nobuhle obungu mlingo.
Iintsuku Zemizobo Yamatye ama San
Ukunikeza ixesha kwimizobo yamatye kunzima kakhulu. Akukwazeki okokuba kunikezwe ixesha ngokwe sayensi, kuba imibala ayiyo yesayensi (ayinayo icarbon) kwaye ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo we carbon mncinci awunako ukuvavanyeka. Xa kufumaneka intwana ntwana zelitye elinemizobo kwezakudala ezigciniweyo, ezingaxutywanga zingakwazi ukunikezwa iintsuku, kunikezwe iminyaka eqikelelweyo.
Indawo ethile eNamibia inikeze imihla engapha kwama 26 000 yeminyaka ngamatye amancinci enombala omnyama kuwo, ezinye iintsuku zikwi minyaka engama 10 000. Inkoliso yemizibo isabonakala elityeni kwaye kuqikelelwa okokuba asemancinci, kuba umzobo kunye nomphezulu welitye kungenzeka zitshabalale kwaye ziphelelwe.
Imizobo ye Drakensberg yamahashe kunye nama joni ichaza okokuba lemizobo ayikwazi ukunikezwa iintsuku ezibuyela kwi 19th century. Umbono owodwa ongumzobo wama San yimbonakaliso yemizimba yabantu ababonakala behamba, ebonakalisa ukwenza nokukhawuleza. Ukwenza kubonakaliswa ngendlela ezininzi: ngemidlalo, nangezilwanyana ziginya okanye okanye zixhuma, kancinci nangoku jiwuzisa umsila okanye ukujika intamo.
Maxa wambi lemizobo yenza ukubambeka ngokuthi ithabathe umzuzu phambi kwesenzo, njengo mzingeli ezakukhupha itolo lakhe, okanye ingonyama ezaku tsiba. Njenge zinye indawo zobomi bama San ne nkcubeko, kukho umahluko omkhulu neentlobo ezininzi, ngobuchule, ngendaba njalo njalo, kunye ke nokufana okuchaza okokuba babe kholelwa kwinkolelo ezibukufana.
Imibala ethuleyo efanayo (emibini) kunye ne (ngapha kwesithathu efanayo) imizobo yempofu, isilwanyana ke esinembonakalo ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwama Southern San, abanye bayikhomba kwinkolelo yabo, mhlawumbi uninzi, lwemizobo. Imizobo yemidaniso, xa abafazi beqhwaba logama amadoda edanisa, ldibanisa eminye yemizibo nemisebenzi yesintu yokuphilisa, njengoko kusaziwa kuma Kalahari San.
Imizobo yama joni, izikeyi, kunye nezifanayo ezicingelwayo kungenzeka zinomlingo kwelinye icala, kodwa nokushicilela imisebenzi yembali – ukuquka leyo yakhokhela ekuyekisweni kwesiko lemizobo, kunye nabazingeli – nabaqokeleli bama San, njenge ndlela yokuphila eMzantsi Afrika.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie