Vulawuri bya Misava e Richtersveld

Xiyimo Lexi axi Nyanya

©Nigel J Dennis
Le henhla henhla e Richtersveld, xitichi xa Kuboes mission axi rhangeriwe hi mufundhisi lonene Reverend Hein, wa Rhenish Church. Vaaki lava avari kona akuri Nama Khoikhoi, ma Bushmen na mindyangu nyana ya Baster (lava avativeka tani hiti Bastaards). Ndzhawu liya ayi lawuriwa hi Groot Raad (great council), leyi ayi endliwa hi vayimeri va vaaki kutani yi rhangeriwa hi mutshama xitulo wa missionary.
Xiviko xa nkarhi walowo axivula leswaku vatshami vale Richtersfeld akuri mindyangu ya 47 ntsena, leyi ayiri na vanhu va 380, laha votala vavona akuri ma-Hottentots, laha Paul Links, nwana wa mufi Captain Paul Links, tani hi ndhuna; swifuwo swavona aswikatsa 50 watihanci, 560 wa tihomu letingana timhondzo, na 3,200 wa tinyimpfu na timbuti. Votala vavona va hanya na vusweti, naswona ndza chava hikuva vale ka xiyimo lexinyanyaka.’

Groot Raad

Groot Raad ayiri yona leyi ayi langutane na vutomi bya siku na siku bya vaaki. Leswi swikatsa ‘maintenance of order, kutshamisekisiwa ka kupfumala ntwanano xikan’we na ku pandzelana switandi na madyelo ya swifuwo’. Hambiswiritano, matirhelo lawa ayanga pfumali swisolo naswona switichi leswinga vuriwa laha henhla swa mission nati Communal Reserves Act vasusumete kuhambana ka vurhangeri bya civic na bya vukhongeri, leswi aswi teka ndzhawu yati missionaries hi vatsundzuxi na board ya vulawuri (leyi ayi endliwe hi vanhu vo huma e handle). Mindzelekano ya switichi swa mission (naswona, himpela, switichi swotala swa mission e Afrika Dzonga) ayinga lulamisiwangi kahle. Hi malembe yava 1890s, hambi swiritano, vaaki vale Richtersveld vakombele ku basisiwa eka mhaka leyi tani hileswi misava ya vona ayivutliwa hi vanhu vale handle.
Vavuye va humesa ndzhawu yoringana kwalomu ka 700 000 morgen (600 000 hectares) tani hi madyelo ya swifuwo swavona naswona vakombela thikithi ra vutshamo kutiyisisa timfanelo ta vona. Kambe Mr S. Melvill, Second Assistant Surveyor-General, ari na makungu yan’wana.
Eka xiviko xayena xakuya e palamende ‘mayelana na misava leyingana vanhu va ndzhawu liya eka tindzhawu ta Missionary na tin’wana tindzhawu tale Namaqualand’, Mevill uvule leswaku xikoxo lexi hoxiweke axiri xikulu swinene. U tsundzuxe leswaku kuhungutiwa misava kuya eka 450 000 morgen (385 600 hectares) hiku vula leswaku misava yinwana leyo nona leyinga etibuweni ta nambu wa Orange xikan’we nale ka coastal, leyinga tirhisiwaka kuva mapurasi na swavunjoveri. Loko swotshuka swinga endleki leswaku switsundzuxo leswi swilandzeleriwa, naswona kunga humesiwi thikithi ra vutshamo hikuva vanhu lava ava tekiwa vari va khale ngopfu kutihlayisa.
E handle ka xiphiqo xa nawu, ntlhanu wa mapurasi eka coast ya hirhiseriwe van’wamapurasi va valungu hi 1904. Hi 1919, n’wamapurasi loyi vange i Cloete u ringetile kukoxa ndzhwu ya Richtersveld tani hi misava yakwe, leswinga tlhontlha nhlamulo leyi hlamarisaka kusuka eka Rev. Hein loyi angate ‘Richtersveld iya vaaki naswona akuna munhu na un’we loyi angata yivula yakwe’. Kutani loko kuya fika diamond fever hi malembe yava 1920s, misava leyinga e nonweni wa Orange River yivuye yi hirhiseriwa eka lava avaringanerile, hambi leswi leswi aswiri xiphemu xa xikoxo xosungula xa misava ya Richtersveld.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni