Ku hlawuriwa ka swimilani swa madyelo swi hlawuriwa kuya hi leswi landzelaka:
Maxelo na xiyimo xa misava
Kukumeka ka mati
I swifuwo swihi kumbe nhlangano wa swiharhi leswingata tirhisa madyelo lawa
Leswi madyelo yangata tirhisiwa swona eku heteleleni - xikombiso, xana madyelo lawa yata tirhisiwa tani hi madyelo kumbe yata tirhisiwa tani hi hay kumbe silage?
Swimilani Swa Madyelo e Afrika Dzonga
Kuya hi va Department of Forage Technology yale ka Agricultural Research Council (ARC), swibyariwa swa madyelo switala kutirhisiwa eka hay kumbe byasi (Eragrostis curvula) na Eragrostis tef. Eka silage, mavele yatala ku tirhisiwa, hambiswiritano, fodder sorghum nayona ya tirhisiwa.
Mabyasi yandhuma swinene ya ximumu i byasi bya wool (Anthephora pubescens), Rhodes grass na finger grass. Byasi bya xixika byikatsa cock’s foot, tall fescue, oats na stooling rye.
Legumes eka nxaxameto wavaka ARC’s wukatsa dolichos bean na stylo (as summer-planted legumes) xikan’we na white clover, lucerne kukatsa nati medics tani hi ti legumes leti byariwaka hi xixika.
Byasi lebyinga katsana nati legumes bya ndhuma lebyi hlohleteriwaka hiva ARC hi lebya xintariyani bya ryegrass-white clover, sorghum-cowpea kumbe sorghum-dolichos bean na nhlangano wa hairy vetch-black na oats-Daikon radish.
Khamphani ya mbewu yita kota kunyika switsundzuxo eka swibyariwa swa madyelo yakahle eka ndzhawu yale kan’wina xikan’we na muxaka wa misava. Kombela switsundzuxo.
Tinxaka Ta Swimilani Swa Madyelo
Swimilani swa madyelo swi avanyisiwe hi mintlawa yimbirhi – lawa yo hola na lawa ya laha ku hisaka.
Madyelo lawa hisaka
Madyelo lawa ya hisaka ya byariwa laha kungana timpfula ta ximumu ta Afrika Dzonga, hi xitalo eka tinhweti ta timpfula ta ximumu kusukela hi October kuya eka February. Swimilani leswi swiva swingari na ntirho hi xixika endzhaku kakuva swihlayise swakudya eka timintsu hi xixikani, leswi endlaka leswaku swiva swilulamerile kukula hi ximun’wana.
Madyelo ya ndhuma ya swimilani swa lembe hinkwaro i teff (Eragrostis tef). Teff, leyinga kahle swinene ku humelerisa hay, swimila eka tinxaka hinkwato ta misavanaswona swinga humelerisiwa ehansi ka swiyimo swa misava leswinga ona. Eka madyelo ya fodder sorghum na pearl millet nawona yana ndhuma.
Mabyasi ya madyelo ya nkarhi hinkwawo yakatsa Smuts finger grass (Digitaria eriantha), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), Paspalum na lebyi xawulaka bya Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), naswona byi tlhela byi vitaniwa white buffalo grass. Eka swiphemu leswinga oma swa Afrika Dzonga, byasi bya blue buffalo grass byi hanya kahle. Eka tindzhawu leti timpfula tinga e henhla, tindzhawu to hola kumbe letinga ehansi ka ncheleto, byasi bya Kikuyu byi hanya kahle eka misava leyinga nona.
Ti legumes ta tindzhawu leti hisaka swibyariwa swa madyelo swikatsa tinxaka ta greenleaf desmodium, perennial soybean, siratro (purple bush-bean), stylo na lucerne.
Madyelo lawa yanga hiseki
Madyelo ya nguva leyinga hola yakona naswona yava rihlaza hi xixika naswona ya kondzelela gwitsi. Loko ku pimanyisiwa na madyelo ya laha ku hisaka, madyelo ya laha kunga hola yatala ku nantsweka kahle swinene, yana swakudya xikan’we naku gayeleka kahle. Ku gayeleka swivula nhlayo ya swakudya leswi xifuwo xinga kotaka ku swikuma eka madyelo.
Swikombiso swa byasi bya nguva yotitimela i Westerworld na Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue na cock’s foot. Clovers - berseem clover, white na red clovers – hi lebyi byinga lulamela ku katsiwa na byasi bya laha kunga hiseki.
Legumes
Legumes - clovers, soybeans nati peas – i swimilani leswi, kuya hi vuxaka bya symbiotic nati bacteria ta misava leswivuriwaka Rhizobium, swinga pfuna ku engetelela nhlayo ya nitrogen eka misava. Tani hi swimilani swa madyelo, ti legumes titala kuva tinga lavi kunonisiwa ngopfu kutlula byasi.
Ti legumes tina timintsu to leha swinene leti nghenelelaka hi vuenti eka misava kufikelela ndzhongho naswona tina matluka lawa yanga anama. Hiku komisa, mabyasi lawa yana timintsu letinga nghenelelangiki ngopfu naswona byina matluka yo leha. Swikombiso swati legumes ta laha ku hisaka swikatsa stylo na lucerne, switlhela swivuriwa alfalfa e tikweni ra USA. Swikombiso swa ti legumes letinga lulamela maxelo yo hola i red na white clover.
Tiva leswi: Vuxokoxoko lebyi i byo dyondzisa ntsena naswona ibya xikongomelo xo nyikela vuxokoxoko ntsena naswona byingaka byinga tekiwi tani hi switsundzuxo swa mphakelo kumbe swakudya. Kukuma vuxokoxoko eka ku phamela swifuwo swa wena xikan’we naku byala swimilani tihlanganisi na mutivi nkulu eka swavurimi kumbe muphakeri wa mbewu.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni