Pinotage

© Kevin Crause

Nhlamuselo

Pinotage iwayeni yotshwuka leyi nga tumbuluka laha tikweni ra Afrika Dzonga. Yitlhele yi byariwa hinhlayo leyintsongo swinene, ematikweni ya Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, Switzerland, tiko ra United States na Zimbabwe.

Ntumbuluko

Professor Abraham Izak Perold wa yunivhesithi ya Stellenbosch u tumbuluxe Pinotage himalembe yava 1920s, leswi anga swiendla hikuva kuhlanganisiwa mbewu ya Pinot noir na Cinsaut (leyi khale ayitiveka hi Hermitage). Nkulukumba Perold uvikiwa leswaku alavaku endla diriva leri ngana nantswo wa matimba wa Pinot xikanwe na swikhedzakhedzani swa Cinsaut.

Mpfanganyiso lowu wa timbewu wuhumese timbewu ta mune, leti Perold anga tibyala e xirhapeni xa muti wakwe epurasini ra Stellenbosch University’s Welgevallen Experimental. Perold endzhaku ka malembe mambirhi uvuye a kuma ntirho eka KWV, leswi nga endla leswaku laha atshama kona e Welgevallen, kungaha tshami munhu kuringana nkarhi woleha.

Swiviko swivula leswaku Dr Charlie Niehaus, loyi ahiri muleteri lontsongo, u ponisile swimilani leswintsongo eka ntlawa lowu awu rhumeriwile kuya basisa xirhapa eka vutshamo lebyiya lexi axi tlhumile swinene hinkarhi wakona. Niehaus u teke swimilani leswi aswinyika Professor CJ Theron, loyi ari nhloko ya ndzawulo ya Viticulture na Viniculture e yunivhesithi ya Stellenbosch himalembe yava 1940s na 1950s.

Masimu yatlhele ya tumbuluxiwa nakambe e Elsenburg Agricultural College laha yanga vuya yakurisiwa eka Richter 99 na Richter 57, leswi aswitekiwa tani hinkateko lowukulu swinene hikuva lomu aku rimiwe kona khale se aku hlaseriwile hi mavabyi leswi nga endla leswaku masimu ya herisiwa. Ku vuye ku hlawuriwa swimila swinwana leswinga vuya switswala masimu yati Pinotage.

Mavito ya Nwana

Nkatsakanyo lowu wa timbewu awu tiviwa tani hi “Perold’ Hermitage x Pinot” naswona kuvikiwa leswaku vito leri ra Herminoire ri vuye ritekeriwa enhlokweni swinene. Kasi lera Pinotage rivikiwa kuva ritirhisiwe loko nkulukumba Theron atava a kombe Perold masimu ya mune ya madiriva.

Kuhumelerisiwa e Afrika Dzonga

Masimu yosungula laha aku byariwe madiriva hixikongomelo yo endla bindzu swinga endleka ayari Myrtle Cove kusuhi nale Sir Lowry’s Pass kumbe e Muratie e Stellenbosch. Swimilani leswi switeke nkarhi swinene kuva ya teka xiave, laha akuri na vanwamapurasi vanharhu lava avari naswona hiva 1950s.

Yivuye yi duma swinene endzhaku kaloko yitava yi bukute sagwadi ra wayeni ya kahle swinene eka Cape Young Wine Show hi 1959 na 1961. Stellenbosch Farmer’s Winery akuri yona yosungula kutirhisa vito ra Pinotage eka label ya vona hi 1961, kuva vasungula ku xavisa hi 1959 champion Pinotage of Bellevue Estate ehansi ka Lanzerac.

Tindhawu ta Vuhumelerisi

Northern Cape, Olifants River, Swartland, Klein Karoo, Paarl, Robertson, Stellenbosch, Worcester, Breedekloof nale Cape South Coast.

Nsinya

Nsinya wakona wukule nyana wutlhela wuva kahle, lowu hi xitalo wuvaka 10 t/ha kuya eka 15 t/ha.

Ku Vupfa

Mihandzu ya wona ya hatlisa swinene ku vupfa kusukela eka hafu yavumbirhi ya February.

Mihandzu

Mihandzu yakona yintsongo, yiva na xivumbeko xa tandza, yiva na muhlovo wa wasi wo dzwihala swinene kuya eka ntima loko yi vupfile. Nhlonge yayona yi bumburile no damarhela kasi endzeni yi olovile nova na mati yo tsokombela.

Matluka

Matluka aya kulangi ngopfu kambe kuna lawa yakulaka swinene, yava rihlaza rodzwihala yatlhela yava na swiphemu swa ntlhanu.

Switsotswana na Mavabyi

Nsinya wakona awu kondeleli powdery mildew, kambe wa antswa eka ku kondelela botrytis loko wu pimanyisiwa na Cabernet Sauvignon. Swiphiqo swotala swipapalatiwa hikuva Pinotage yi vupfa hiku hatlisa eka nguva ya wona.

Kuutirhisiwa

Pinotage ya tirhiseka yiri yoxe kumbe yikatsiwa na tinwana. Xikombiso xikulu i Cape Blend, leyi hlamuseriwaka tani hi wayeni yohlawuleka yo tshwuka ya Afrika Dzonga leyingana nhlayo ya 30%, kambe yinga tluli 70% ya Pinotage.

Tiwayeni

Swakoteka kuva yi endliwa tinxaka totala ta wayeni kambe swiya hiku yi byarisiwe no kurisiwa. Pinotage eka Richter 110 rootstocks leti byariweke evupela dyambu bya nsimu tinga humesa nantswo wohlawuleka wa banana, kasi leyi byariweke evuhuma dyambu laha kungana misava yo enta kunga huma mihandzu ya black cherry. Loko oak yitirhisiwe hi vutlharhi, yinga nyika Pinotage nantswo wa chocolate kumbe coffee.Translated by Ike Ngobeni