Kukurisa Marhole na Rigava

Kuva ku sungula nkarhi wa masi, homu yifanele kutswala rhole. Kusuka kwalano, ra xisati kumbe ra xinuna ra tswariwa. Rhole ra xisati ra lumuriwa kuteka ndzhawu ya tihomu leti humaka entlhambini. Kukurisiwa swisungula loko ritswariwile kuya fika laha ritswalaka nwana rosungula.

Nkoka wa Colostrum

©Eric Miller

Rhole leri rahaku tswariwaka rifanele ku khomiwa tani hi nwana, ngopfu ngopfu eka tinhweti timbirhi tosungula ta vutomi bya rona. Endzhaku ka 6 wa ti awara loko riheta ku tswariwa, ripfuneti kuva rimama masi kusuka eka mhani warona kumbe u senga homu hi mavoko kutani u phamela colostrum eka rhole hikuva u tirhisa nhlungu leyingariki ya ntumbuluko. Colostrum i masi yosungula lawa yavaka kona endzhaku ko tswala. Yana ti antibodies leti sivelaka mavabyi lawa mhani wa kona ayi hlangana na wona loko yaha bihe e mirini.
Leswi switisa nsirhelelo eka rhole eka vhiki rosungula ra vutomi bya rona. Colostrum yi tiyerile nyana kutlula masi ho woxe, xikombiso 24% loko ku pimanyisiwa na 13%, hikokwalaho ka nhlayo yale henhla ya mafurha nati protein. Ku tiyela lokuya ku sungula kuhunguteka endzhaku ka 24 wa ti awara. Loko ku tswongiwa ka ti antibodies swiyimaka enadzhaku ka 6 - 8 wa ti awara, colostrum yitisa nsirhelelo ekhwirini naswona yifanele ku pfameriwa kuya hileswi homu yiphamerisaka xiswona.

Ku Phamela Marhole

©Rykie Visser Agrinet

Endzhaku ka 24 wa ti awara, veka rhole leri rahaku tswariwaka exivaleni xa rona (1.0 wide x 1.8 m long) laha kunga ndlaleriwa hi swo oma swofana na ti straw kumbe sawdust. Swivala leswi swifanele kuva swiri 1.2 m ya makhumbi yoleha eka matlhelo yanharhu xikanwe na lwangu leringa 1.5 m hiku leha. Cinca swondlalela leswitsakamaka kan’we hi siku kutu tirhisa ti straw letinga oma. Veka marhole lawa eka swivala leswi kuringana loko yari na tinhweti tinharhu, laha endzhaku kaswona marhole ya xisati yanga vekiwa hi mintlawa ya wona.
Ku mamisiwa masi swifanele kuya emahlweni endzhaku kaloko kutava ku hele mphakelo wa colostrum. Riphameli ti litara ti 2 kumbe 3 ta masi ni mixo na namadyambu. Masi yo kufumela yanga phameriwa marholeendzhaku kaku sengiwa ka tihomu. Laha kunga tirhisiwaka nhlungu yoka yingari ya ntumbuluko, marhole yanga dyondzisiwa kunwela endzeni ka bakiti. Hlantswa naku sivela mavabyi eka switirhisiwa hinkwaswo leswi tirhisiwaka kutiyisisa leswaku switsongwatsongwani swinga hangalaki na marhole. Yisa mahlweni u phamela masi kufika loko marhole ya lumuriwa kwalomu ka tinhweti ti 2 kumbe 3. Ya toloveti kuva yadya swakudya swotiyela hikuva unga engeteleli nhlayo ya siku na siku leyinga engeteleriweki hinkarhi wo lumula.

Ku Lumuriwa ka Marhole

Ku sungula kulumula, phamela rhole swakudya swosungula (leswingana 18% crude protein) kusukela eka nkombo wa masiku hi vukhale. Sungula hiku yanyika kwalomu ka 150 g wa swakudya swosungula (large coffee mug) laha ungata chelae ka swakudya swo oma kan’we hi siku. Dyondzisa marhole kudya kusukela eka xidyelo hiku chukuchela swakudya leswi eka tinhompfu ta marhole. Loko rhole rinantswela tinhompfu rita sungula ku tiva swakudya leswi.
Phamela swakudya swa furexe siku na siku. Tlakusa nhlayo masiku hinkwawo loko ridye hinkwaswo. Susa swakudya swa khale hikuva swinga sungula ku furha hiku hatlisa hikokwalaho ka marha. Tshikisa rhole masi loko swakudya swa rona swosungula swifika eka 1 kg hi siku.
Sungula ku phamela kwalomu ka 0.5 kg hi siku laha u phamelaka hay kusukela loko marhole yari na tinhweti timbirhi leswaku u hlohletela ku dyiwa ka furu. Cinca uya eka swakudya swalawa ya kulaka (16% crude protein) kusuka eka tinhweti tinharhu. Swakudya swakukula ka rhole (15% kuya eka 16%) aswina ti crude protein totala kutlula swakudya swosungula(e.g. 18%).

Engetelaa nhlayo ya swakudya swa kukula kan’we hi vhiki. Swakudya swa siku swa engeteleleka loko rhole riya rikula, kusukela loko ri tika 3 kg eka tinhweti tinharhu kuya eka 18 kg hi siku eka 24 wa tinhweti hi vukhale.

Nkarhi wo hoxa Marhole Emadyelweni

Marhole yanga vekiwa eka madyelo kutani ya phameriwa kwalomu ka 1 kg ya nkatsakanyo hi siku loko yari na 12 wa tinhweti hi vukhale. Endzhaku ka 12 wa tinhweti hivukhale madyelo yava yaringanerile. Madyelo yoringanela (yofana na kikuyu kumbe ryegrass) yafanele kuva kona; handle kaswona, ya fanele ku engeteleriwa hi hay kumbe silage.
Loko kurihava madyelo, kfanele kuva na mpfanganyiso wokarhi lowu phameriwaka. Nhlayo ya nkatsakanyo lowu wufanele kuva wuphameriwa kuya hi mintlawa ya malembe tani hileswi swicincaka loko marhole yaya yakula.
Mpima marhole himinkarhi kuva uta tiva loko nongonoko wa maphamelelo wululamile. Inseminate ya xisati loko yitika 300 - 330 kg kumbe loko yifikile eka 12 - 14 wa tinhweti hi vukhale. Leswi switatiyisisa leswaku leyi ya xisati yita kota kuva na rhole rosungula loko yiri na 24 - 25 wa tinhweti hi vukhale.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni