Ukukhisa Amathokazi Kanye neeNkunzi

Ukuthoma isikhathi esitjha sokumunyisa, iinkomo kufanele zibelethe. Lokha nazibelethako, zibeletha ithokazi nanyana ikunzi. Amathokazi ayakhuliswa ukujamisela iinkomo eziphume emhlabini. Ukukhilisa amathokazi kuthoma nakabelethwako kuliswe lokha nakubelethwa amanye.

Ukuqakatheka kwe-Colostrum

Ikonyani elisandukubelethwa kufanele liphathwe njengontwana, khulukhulu eenyangeni zokuthoma ezimbilu zepilo yalo. Angakapheli ama-iri asithandathu libelethiwe, lirhelebhe limunye kummalo nanyana usenge ikomo ngesandla uliphe umkgatho ngokusebenzisa idemu. I-Colostrum/-mkgatho libisilokuthoma elikhiqizwa ngemva kokubeletha ikonyani. Limumethe ama-antibodies alwisana namalwelwe agade abambe umma lokha nakazithweleko. Lokhu kwenza bona ikonyani livikeleke emalwelweni eemvekeni zokuthoma zepilo yalo.
I-Colostrum idege kunebisi elijwayelekileko, isibonelo -24% versus 13%, ngombana lineleveli ephezulu yamafutha kanye neyamaprotheyini. Ukubadege kwebisi kuyaphela ngemva kwama iri ayi-24. Lokha ukungenelela kwama-antibodies kujama ngemva kwama-iri ayi-6 ukuya ku-8. I-Colostrum iletha ukuvikeleka ngemathunjini begodu kufanele ifunzwe ikonyana solangana umma walo asayikhipha.

Ukupha Amakonyani Umkgado

Ngemva kwama iri ayi-24, faka ikonyani elitjha esibayeni samakonyani. (Esingaba yi-1.0 ububanzi kanye ne-1.8 ubude) lapha kunemibhede eyomileko efana ne-straw nanyana i-sawdust. Susa imibhede emanzi kanye ngelanga. Lisa amakonyani esibayeni esivulelwe nge-1.5 m ubude. Beka amakonyani esibayeni sawo aze aba neenyanga eziyi-3. Ukuwapha ibisi, ngokusebenzisa ibisi nanyana isijamiseleli sebisi kuragela phambili ngemva kokuwafundza umkghatho. Waphe amalitha Ayi- 2 ukuya ku-3 webisi ikonyani ngalinye ekuseni nangemva kwamadina. Ungawapha ibisi elifuthumeleko elibuya ngembva kokusenga. Lokha ungalisenezisa idemu, ungafundisa amakonyani bona asele ngethunga.
Sterilayiza izinto ezomileko zokuwapha ukudla qoba ngemva kokuzisebenzisa ukuvikela ama-phatogens ekurhatjhekeni hlangana namakonyani. Ragela phambili ngokuwapha ibisi uze uwalisise lokha anenyanga ezimbili ukuya kwezintathu ubudala. Waphe ukudla kancani, kancani kodwana ungakhulisi ibisi amakonyani alidlako ngelanga lokha nawulinga ukuwalisisa.

Ukulisisa Amakonyani Ibisi

Ukuthoma ukulisisa amakonyani ukudla, waphe ukudla kwawo kokuthoma (lapha uzokufaka khona i-18% ye-crude protein) ukusuka emalangeni angabalikhomba ubudala. Thoma ngokuwapha i-150 g yokudla kokuthoma (okungalingana nekomitji elikhulu le-coffe) ukufake ekudleni ekomileko kanye ngelanga. Fundisa amakonyani ukudlela ebhinini ngokutjhikitjha okunye ukudla ekomileko eempumulwani zawo. Ngokukhotha iimpumulo zazo, zirhona ukuzwelela ukudla.
Waphe ukudla okufetjhi qobe lilanga. Ngezelela ubunengi bakho qobe lilanga lokha zikudle koke. Susa ukudla okudala ngombana kuzala idaka msinya ngebanga lamathe. Lisisa amakonyani ukudla ibisi lokha sele athoma ukudla okungaba yi-1 kg qobe lilanga.

Thoma ukuzipha ukudla okuyi-0.5 kg qobe lilanga, ukudla okuyihoyi kusukela eenyangeni ezimibili ukugcugcuzela bona zidle ama-forage. Tjhugululela ekudleni okwenza bona zikhule (-okuyi-16% crude protein) ukusukela lokha nakanenyanga ezintathu. Ukudla kokukhulisa ikonyani kuyi- 15% ukuya ku-16%) kunama-crude protein amancani kunokudla kwenkomo kokuthoma (isibonelo 18%).
Ngezelela isimedo sokudla lkokuzikhulisa kanye ngeveke. Ukudla ezikudla qobe malanga kuyangezelela lokha i-heifer nayikhulako, ukuthoma lokha nayine-3 kg ngeenyanga eziyi-3 ukuya ku-18 kg qobe lilanga lokha iinyanga naziyi-24 ubudala.

Uzifaka Nini iiNkabi Emadlelweni

Iinkomo zomhlobo we-Heifer zingafakwa emadlelweni ziphiwe i-1 kg yama-concentrate qobe lilanga lokha nazinenyanga eziyi-12 months. Ngemva kwenyanga eziyi-12 zingadla emadlelweni kwaphela. (Afana ne-kikuyu nanyana i-ryegrass) ekufanele zibe khona, nakungasinjalo, kufanele zingezelelwe ngehoyi kanye ne-silage.
Lokha kunganamadlelo, fanele kwenziwe ukudla okuhlanganisiweko. Inani lokudla kufanele liphiwe iinkomo ngokuya ngokobana zingangani, ngombana lokhu kuyatjhuguluka lokha ama-haifer nakakhulako.
Kala iinkomo zama-heifer, ngasosoke iskhathi ukubona ukuthi uzipha ukudla ngendlela ekungiyo na.
Lokha nasele zinobudisi obuyi-300 - 330 kg nanyana zineenyanga eziyi-12 ukuya ku-14 ungazenza i-Artifical Insemination. Lokhu kuzokuqiniseka bona zithola amakonyani lokha nazine nyanga eziyi-24 - 25.

Translated by Lizzy Shongwe