Dijo le Metsi a a Phepafetseng
Dikgogo tsa bogwebi di tshwanetswe ke go bona metsi le dijo tse di phepa. Dijana tsotlhe di tshwanetswe ke go phepafatsiwa gangwe ka letsatsi, ka gore dinonyane di ka dikgotlhela. Metsi a a tshologileng a ka kolobetsa lefelo la tsone mme a kolobotse mantle a tsone le marobalo a tsone mme seo se ka di bakela malwetse le matshwenyego a mangwe.
Ditlamelo tsa Nipple Drinking Systems di nna bonolo go ka phepafatswa, ebile di thusa go somarela metsi go feta ditlamelo tsa dijana tse di mo pepeneneng. Bontsi ba ditlamelo tsa seshweng tsa go fepa dipholgolo ka dijo le metsi di kgona go iphepafatsa. Go ntseng jalo bo rapolase ba tshwanetswe ke go di baya leitlho mme ba tseregane fa go ka nna le mathata mo go tsone.
Metsi a leswe a tshwanetswe ke go tshollwa ka tsela e e maleba go nnetefatsa gore ga a tlise matshosetsi a bolwetse mo ditlamelong.
Tsamaiso ya Bodirelo
Dinonyane tsa free-range le tsone di tlhoka marulelo a a tlhokang go phapafatsiwa ka metlha go thibelela ditwatsi. Bagwebi ba nang le ditlamelo tse dinnye ba rotloetsa go dila lefatshe la marulelo a dinonyane tsa bone ka konkreite ka gore e bonolo go phepafatsa go na le motlhaba.
Fa e le gore bagwebi ba na le phitlelelo ya mafulo kgotsa ditshimwana tsa merogo ba ka tshwarella dikgogo tsa bone mo dihokong tse di nang le maotwana kgotsa di-chicken tractors. Ka tse eno, dikgogo di ka esiwa kwa mafelong a a farologaneng, a ntse fetofetolwa gore dinonyane di seka tsa ema mo lefelong le le esi fa le ntse le phepafatsiwa. Gantsi kariki e e ka tsaya sebaka pele e ka bwela kwa lefelong le lengwe ka jalo ditwatsi (pathogens) dipallwa ke phela sebaka.
Malao
Bagwebi ba ka dirisa mefuta e e farologane go direla dinonyane tsa bone mafelo a bolao go thubelela serame la lefatshe, le go di katosa le mantle a tsone. Ditlamelo tse di kgethetswe malao a o di tshwanetswe ke go nna bonolo go oma ka gonne malao a a bongola a ka ntsha dinonyane diso mo sefubeng, go tsha ga maoto le menoto e e ka bonang malwetse. Malao a, a tshwanetswe ke go phepafatsiwa ka metlha go bolaya ketelopele ya ammonia le dekokwanatlhoko tse di bakang malwetse.
Mo tsamayisong ya commercial production systems, maemo a bolepi le a botlhabaphefo e ka fetofetolwa gore mafelo a dinnyane dinnang mogo tsone e nne e le kwa magareng, gore maswe a dinonyane a omelele ka pele, go fokotsa pakellano ya ammonia e e ka rotloetsang tlholego ya bacteria le dikokwanatlhoko. Malao a dinonyane a fetolwa letsatsi le lengwe le lengwe, jaaka mosamo. Go tla laelwa ke go a go ruilwe dinonyane tsa mae kgotsa tsa nama gore malao a mantshwa a tlisiwe kwa dinonyane tse dintshwa di tlileng go gorogela kwa teng mme malao ao a latlhiwe ga dikgogo tseo di tsamaisiwa.
Dikagelo tsa Dikgogo
Dihoko kgotsa dikagelo tsa dikgogo di tshwanetswe ke go phepafatsiwa ka sebolaya magare pele go tsena segopa (flock) se sentshwa le ga se tsamaya. Lekgotlha la World Organisation of Animal Health le rotloetsa bagwebi ba dikgogo go phepafatsa mafelo a ditlametlo tsa bone ka dibolaya megare go koba ditshenekegi tse di tsholang bolwetse, jaaka dintshi, dinta, mafele le tse dingwe, ka bonako morago ga gore dinonyane di ntshiwe mo lefelong leo, ka gonne ditshenekegi di rata go iphitlha ga meago e simolola go fola. Go ka dirisiwa dikhemikhale tse di farologaneng go lwantsha bothata jo, ba vector control. Gore ba bone katlego ka dikhemikhale tse, badirisi ba tshwanetswe ke go di dirisa ka taelo e e beilweng.
Ba tshwanetse go thaisa bo rotwe le magotlo ka bonako, mme go ya ka OIE, seo se tshwanetswe ke go dirwa ga dijo di nsthitswe kwa dikagelong tsa dinonyane gore batshwenyi ba ba kgone go latela dijo tsa thaelo. Dijo tsa dikgogo tse di setseng di senyega di tshwanetswe ke go ntshiwa ka gore di ka nna le dikokwanatlhoko tse di ka bakang malwetse.
Ditlamelo tsa dikgogo di ka nna le palo e e kwa godimo ya diMicrobes, ka jalo, babereki ba tshwanetswe ke go nnetefatsa gore ga ba phatlhalatse lerole le mafofa a tsone fa ba dintshetsa kwa ntle. Ditlamelo tse di tshwanetswe ke go latlhiwa ka tsela e e tla nnetefatsang gore ga go phatlhalatswe malwetse mme di seka dia isiwa kwa dikagelong tsa dikgogo tse dingwe. Buisa go gongwe ka ga litter management.
Babereki ba tshwanetswe ke go latela ditaelo tsa thulaganyo ya tsa bophelo le polokesego fa ba phepafatsa dintlo tsa dinonyane. Ba tshwantse ba apare diaparo tsa tshireletso, diatlana (gloves) tse ditelele, dibutshu tsa raba, dihutshe tse ditona le dimaske gore di thibelele lerole, diFungal spores, le dikhemikhale tse diborai. Go thusa tsamaiso ya phapafatsi, ditlamelo tse di ka ntshiwang di tshwanetswe ke go isiwa ka lefelong le legolo gore di kgone bona phapafatso e e tseneletseng. Tiro ya phepafatso e na le dikarolo dile tharo tse di latelwang, ebong go phepafatsa kwa ntle ga metsi, go phepafatsa ka metsi le polao ya megare.
Fa go phepafatsiwa kwa ntle ga metsi, go ka dirisiwa mafielo, diborosele, digarafe, matsela le air compression go ka ntsha lerole, mmu, le tse dingwe tsa dilo tse di ka nnang le ditshedi tse di ka bakang malwetse. Go tla phepafatsiwa gotlhelele, mme seo se akaretsa di-fans, lefatshe, marulelo, le di-steps.
O GOPOLE GORE, PHEPAFATSO E E DIRWANG KWA NTLE GA METSI GA E A TSHWANELWA GO DIRIWA MO MAFELONG A A KA NNANG LE DITWATSI TSE DI LENG MO MOWENG, JAAKA AVIAN INFLUEZA KGOTSA NEWCASTLE DISEASE.
Go ya ka OIE, phepafatso kwa ntle ga metsi e tshwanetswe ke go simolola kwa dikarolong tse di leng kwa godimo mme e elele kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase go fokotsa tshwaetso ya dikarolo tse di setseng diphepafaditswe. Tiro ya dipaakanyo ya ditlamelo tsa bodirelo e ka diriwa ka yone nako e, ka gore ditlamelo tse di ka tlhokwang go ntshiwa ka gore di sa baakanyege dibonale gore go bonwe tse dintshwa. Ka nako e dikago tse di leng gaufi le ntlo ya dikgogo le tsone di ka phepafatsiwa, ga mmogo le tikologo ya ntlo ya dinonyane jaaka mabala le dikago tse dingwe. Tikologo e e leng bogaufi ba dimitara di ka nna pedi fa thoko ga ntlo ya dikgogo le yone a tla kgothiwa, e ntsiwe matlakala le mafofa a dinonyane tsa pele.
Fa go phepafatsiwa ka metsi, sesepa le melora (detergents) e ka dirisiwa to tlhatswa, go tsokotsa le go souka lefelo le ditlamelo tsa lone go ntsha le go bolaya ditshedi tsa organic material. Go ya ka lekwalo la tsupetso (presentation) la mokgatlho wa Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations e e bediwang Cleaning & Disinfection of Poultry Farm by Yoni Segal, melora e e tlwaelegileng ya go tlhatswa diaparo, e bonwa ka sesolo mme e dira ka thata.
Go dirisiwa le di-High pressure washer ka nako eo, bogolosetona ka mesti a a bothitho, go phepafatsa fa godimo ga ditlamelo (surfaces), le mafelo a a leng bothata fo fitlellwa ka letsogo, ga mmogo le diphatlha tsa mowa kgotsa di-air inlets le di-fan drums.
Fa go dirisiwa dibolaya megare (disinfection) go tshwanetswe go dirisiwe sebolaya megare se se bolayang di-microbes (ditshedi tse di sa bonaleng). Mokgatlho wa The South African Poultry Association o rotlwetsa borapolase go dirisa dibolaya megare tse ka ditaelo tse di kwadilweng mo go tsone, go sa nneng jalo dibolaya megare tse di ka se bereke sentle. Go tshwanetse go elwe tlhoko boleng jwa metsi a a dirisiwang le maemo a mofuthu mo phapusing e e phapafatsiwang. Ditlamelo tsa lefelo leo di thwanetswe ke go busediwa pele ga lefelo leo leka tshelwa ka mouwane (fumigation) go bolaya ditshedi tse di borai (harmful organisms) tse di tlabong di setse.
Translated by Ikalafeng Maedi