Kuhlangana ka kubasisiwa, nkululo na kufafazeriwa swina xiave xikulu eka kususa mavabyi na switsongwatsongwani leswi tisaka mavabyi laha ku hlayisiwaka tihuku. Leswi swikatsa kususiwa ka ritshuri, misava, matoto na ngati leyingavaka yihalakile nakuva swiri na switsongwatsongwana leswinga tisaka mavabyi. Vahumelerisi vafanele ku ehleketa swinene hikubasisa xihahlu loko va kunguhata no endla ndzhawu leyi tihuku tingata tshama kona kumbe kulava switirhisiwa leswingata tirhisiwa eku endleni ka xihahlu xa tihuku.
Mati na Swakudya Swobasa
Tihuku tifanele ku kuma swakudya ni mati yo tenga. Tindzelo tatona tifanele kubasisiwa kan’we hisiku hikuva tihuku tati kandziyela xikan’we no thyakisa kumbe ku chela thyaka. Ku halaka ka mati swiendla leswaku swihahlu switsakama laha loko mati yakatsana na manyoro ya endla leswaku kuva na mavabyi na swiphiqo swin’wana.
Maendlelo yakuva tihuku titswontswa Kunene mati ya languteka yari kahle loko swita eka kubasisa no hlayisa mati kuhlula lawa ya cheriwaka enkambanini. Yin’wana ya michini leyi yaku phakela swakudya na mati yitlhela yikota kutibasisa hi yoxe. Hambiswiritano van’wamapurasi vafanele kutshama varikarhi va languta michini leyi leswaku loko kutshuka kuva na swiphiqo vakota kuswilulamisa.
Mati ya thyaka yafanele kuhalatiwa hindlela leyinga tiseku mavabyi kumbe kuvanga khombo eka tihuku.
Kulawuriwa ka Rivala
Hambi tihuku leti tifambafambelaka toxe tilava kukuma vutumbelo lebyi basisiweke byingariki na matoto. Van’wamapurasi lava vangana rivala rintsongo vafanele va endla rivala ra semende laha kungana vutumbelo hikuva semende ya olova kuyi basisa kutlula misava.
Loko swingaritano, vanwamapurasi vanga tirhisa swirhapa swamatsavu kuva vaveka tihuku eka swihahlu leswi fambafambisiwaka leswitivekaka tani hiti chicken tractors. Maendlelo lawa, tihuku titshama eka ndzhawu yin’we kuringana nkarhinyana laha eku heteleleni tisukaka tiya eka xivandla lexi landzelaka. Hiku jikajika kwaloko swi endla leswaku chicken tractor riteka nkarhi ringase vuyela eka xivandla xexo leswi pfunaka leswaku kungavi na matoto endzhawini yin’we.
Ku Ndlalela
Kuna tindlela tohambana hambana tondlalela xihahlu xa tihuku kusukela eka switirhisiwa leswi endlaka leswaku tihuku tinga titimetiwi hi rivala, ku kandziya matoto ya tona leswi sirhelela milenge ya tona naku endla leswaku yitshami yi omile. Kunga tirhisiwa switirhisiwa swihi na swihi kambe kufanele kuva leswi hatlisaka ku oma loko switshuka switsakamile hikuva leswi swinga endla leswaku ticondzo ta tihuku tinga hisiwi. Leswi ndlaleriweke swifanele kulawuriwa kahle leswaku swingavi na matoto yotala na ammonia leswingata vanga mavabyi.
Laha kuhumelerisiwaka tihuku leti xavisiwaka maxelo na moya lowunghenaka swalawuriwa leswaku kutshama ku omile naku sivela leswaku kungavi na ammonia yotala leswinga hlohletelaka switsongwatsongwana leswingavaka na nghozi swinene. Thyaka rakona ra hundzuluxiwa onge roceleriwa leswaku swita hunguta ku pakelana. Kuya hi leswinga tirhisiwa eka leswi ndlaleleke laha kungana tihuku na swihukwana, swilava leswaku leswinga ndlalela switshama swirikarhi swicinciwa e xihahlwini kunga se nghenisiwa swihukwani swintshwa switlhela swicukumetiwa loko swihukwani switava swisusiwile.
Xihahlu xa Tihuku
Xihahlu xa tihuku xifanele kubasisiwa no fafazeriwa endzhaku ka loko kuhumesiwe tihuku eka xona naswona kungase nghenisiwa tin’wana eka xihahlu lexi. Va World Organisation of Animal Health vatsundzuxa vahumelerisi kuva vafafazela swihahlu kudlaya xinwana na xinwana lexingavaka xiri na mavabyi, madzedze, switsotswana, swigalani, swifufunhunu, mahele hiku hatlisa loko kususiwe tihuku leswaku swihadyani leswi swinga kumi vutumbelo leswinga endlaka leswaku switika swinene ku dlaya switsotswana leswi. Kuna mimirhi leyikumekaka no tirhisiwa ku dlaya no susa switsotswana leswi. Matirhiselo yo hlayiseka na mbuyelo wa kahle swifikeleriwa loko kulandzeleriwa swiletelo swakona.
Nsirhelelo wa switsotswana swifanele kuendliwa hi xihatla, kuya hiva OIE, laha swakudya swisusiwaka eka swodyela eka swona leswaku switsotswana na tinhongani switaya tshama eka swikatsani laha swinga rhiyiwa kona. Swakudya swakhale naleswi swinga bola swifanele kususiwa hikuva swingava swifurhile naswona swinga vanga mavabyi yokarhi eka tihuku.
Matoto ya tihuku yana nhlayo yikulu yati microbes, leswivulaka leswaku yafanele yasusiwa hi vukheta leswaku ritshuri na tisiva swinga hangalaki. Thyaka leri rifanele kuva riya lahliwa leswaku mavabyi yanga hangalaki nakuva yasusiwa ekusuhi na swihahlu.
Van’wamapurasi vafanele ku landzelela swiletelo swa rihanyo na vuhlayiseki loko kubasisiswa swihahlu, xikombiso kumbala swi ambalo swavusirheleli,ti gloves, mabutsu, swidloko nati mask leswaku vanga ngheneli hi ritshuri na tikhemikali tanghozi. Ku olovisa kubasisa switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swifanele kuhumesiwa leswaku kuta basa. Gezi rifanele kutimiwa loko kubasisiwa.
Kuna magoza yanharhu lawa ya tekiwaka loko kuri ekubasisiweni laha kungana kukukula, ku koropa hi mati naku fafazela murhi. Loko ku kukuriwa kutirha nkukulu, burachi, foxolo na lapi leringa tirhisiwaka kususa ritshuri, misava na masalela ya matoto ya tihuku lawa yangavaka eka switirhisiwa hinkwaswo leswinga xihahlwini.
TSUNDZUKA LESWAKU KUKUKULA ASWIFANELANGA KU ENDLIWA EKA SWIHAHLU LESWINGANA MAVABYI LAWA YAFAMBISANAKA NA MOYA KUFANA NA AVIAN INFLUENZA KUMBE NEWCASTLE.
Maendlelo kuya hivaka OIE, vavika leswaku kubasisa swifanele kusunguriwa ehenhla kuya ehansi leswaku kuhunguteka kusalela ka mavabyi lawa yangavaka kona ngopfu ngopfu lomu kunga basisiwa. Kululamisiwa ka swihahlu leswi swifanele ku endliwa hiwona nkarhi lowu. Leswi tshovekeke aswibasiseki leswivulaka leswaku swifanele ku cinciwa. Hinkarhi lowu swihahlu hinkwaswo swifanele kubasisiwa swisala swingari na tisiva nakuva kuhlakuriwa swimilani leswinga kusuhi na swihahlu swa tihuku.
Loko ku koropiwa, kufanele ku tirhisiwa swidlaya switsotswana na xisibi kutlhela kubasisiwa hi mati leswaku kuta suka matoto na vuvabyi. Kuya hi minhlangano ya vurimi na swakudya ya United Nations eka Cleaning & Disinfection of Poultry Farm by Yoni Segal, vavika leswaku xisibi lexitirhisiwaka ku hlantswa swiambalo hiyona ndlela yo chipa no olova eka kubasisa.
Michini yo chela mati yinga tirhisiwa eka xiyenge lexi laha yanga chelaka mati yokufumela kubasisa eka tindzhawu letinga basangiki kahle no fikeleleka hi mavoko xikanwe na swohunga moya leswaku kuta hatlisa ku oma.
Hinkarhi waku fafazela, kutirhisiwa mirhi lowu dlayaka timicrobes. Va South African Poultry Association valemukisa van’wamapurasi kuva valandzelela swiletelo swa maendlelo tani hileswi murhi wunga taka wunga tirhi loko swiletelo swinga landzeleriwangi. Vavika leswaku loko kunga tirhisiwangi murhi wotala kumbe wutshikiwa nkarhi wokoma kumbe wu oma wungase fikelela kuhetisisa ntirho wayona. Mati na mahiselo swifanele switekeriwa enhlokweni loko ku endliwa ntirho lowu. Endzhaku ka ntirho lowu, switirhisiwa hinkwaswo swifanele kutlhelerisiwa laha naswona swifafazeriwaka leswaku kutiyisisiwa leswaku akuna mavabyi lawa ya salaka.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni