Ukuhlangana kokuhlwengeka kanye nezinto ezilwisana nokukhula kwamagcikwana, kunemiphumela emihle khulu ngokuthi kususe izinto ezithwala nezibangela ubulwele emkhiqizweni weenkukhu. Kufaka hlangana ukukhupha ithuli ngendlela ngokulandela ihlelo elithileko, ihlabathi, okubolako, okufaka hlangana okukhithikako, iingazi kanye nothuvi, okungamumatha izinto ezinobungozi. Abakhiqizi kufuze baqabenge ngokuqakatheka kukuhlwengisa lokha nabahlela begodu bakha iindawo zokukhiqiza nofana bakhetha imihlobo ezokusetjenziswa emkhiqizweni.
Ukudla Namanzi Ahlwengekileko
Iinkukhu kufuze zithole amanzi nokudla okuhlwngekileko. Izitja ezivulekileko kufuze zihlanzwe okungasenani kanye ngelanga, njengombana iinkukhu zingahle zizigadange ngeenyawo, zizwise bezizisilaphaze. Amanzi aphalakileko nawo angathambisa indawo yeenkukhu, (ekuyindawo yalapho iinkukhu zilala khona nalapho zidlela khona), nekungarholela emalweleni kanye nezinye iinkinga.
Iindlela zokuseza ngokumunyisa zilula khulu ukuzihlanza begodu zirholela ekunciphiseni ukonakala ukudla izitja ezivulekileko. Ezinye zamalanga la zokudla kanye nezokuseza zizihlwenisa zona. Abakhiqizi nanyana kungaba njalo kufuze bahlolisise bebatjheje iindlelezi ukwenzela ukubona lula umraro nawenzekako.
Amanzi onakeleko kufuze aphalazwe ngendlela ezakwenza bonyana akabangi amalwelwe nobungozi.
Ilawulo Lefluru
Neenkukhu ezivunyelwe bonyana zikhambakhambe ngaphandle komraro nazo zidinga indlu nofana umthunzi lapho kuhlwengiswa khona ukwenzela bonyana kuvikeleka ukupakelana kwemagcikwana. Abakhiqizi abanendawo yokufuya encani kufuze baqinisekise bonyana bakha ngesamende phasi njengombana yona kulula bonyana ihlwengiswe ukudlula ihlabathi.
Enye indlela, nangabe abakhiqizi baneentoni zemirorho nofana amadlelo, iinkukhu bangazibeka khona ngokusebenzisa ihogo ekghona ukukhanjiswa ukusuka endaweni itjhidiselwe kenye, neyaziwa ngokuthi yi-chicken tractors. Ngendlela le iinkukhu zibekwa endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esingaba ziimveke, nokho kuya nangobunengi bazo, ngaphambi kokuzitjhidisela kenye indawo. Ngendlela le kuzokuthatha isikhathi eside bonyana zibuyiselwe endaweni yokuthoma begodu lokho kuzokunciphisa amathuba wokungabangeka kobulwele.
Indawo Yokulala
Kungasetjenziswa iindlela ezinengi zokulala ukwenzela ukuvikela iinkukhu ekubanjweni makhaza wefluru, phungula ukuthintana nothuvi bazo khulu, ukuvikela iinyawo zazo ngokuthi zihlale zomile. Nanyana kungaba ngenjani indlela yokulala ekhethwako kodwana kufuze ibe ngeyoma msinya, njengombana lapho kumanzi khona kuzakubangela ukuvuvuka nokuhlibeka esifubeni, ukutjha kweenyawo kanye namagazuka. Indawazo yokulala kufuze itjhejwe khulu ukwenzela bonyana ikhandele ukubanga amalwele nezinye izinto ezingabanga amalwele.
Iindleleni zomkhiqizo wokurhweba, ubujamo bezulu (umtjhiso kanye nokuthamba) kanye nokuvulela umoya kwenziwa ukwenzela indawo ihlale yomile kanye nokuvikela ukuphakelana okungabanga amazing wamalwele, nekungaba bonobangela bokukhula kwamagcikwana kanye neengogwana. Indawozo ihlala iphendulwa qobe lilanga pheze njengokulima ukwenzela ukuyenza ithambathambe. Nokho kuya nangomhlobo wendawo yokulala ekhona nekhethiweko, nofana ngomhlobo okhiqizwako, indawo yokulala ehlanzekileko ingafakwa ngaphambi kokungenisa ezitjha begodu kuthi nasele zokhutjha ithathwe iyokulahlwa.
Izindlu Zeenkukhu
Izindlu zeenkukhu kufuze zihlala zihlwengiswa ngaso soke isikhathi nakukhutjhwa ezidala kufakwa ezitjha. Ihlangano etjheje zepilo eenlwanini umhlaba zombelele i-World Organisation of Animal Health iyelelisa bonyana abakhiqizi beenkukhu ezihlanzelwa ukuvikela amalwelwe eendaweni zabo, babulale zoke iindlela eziletha ubulwelwe, ekufaka hlangana iimpukani, imikhaza, ubusayisayi, iinunwanwana ngokuhluka kwazo kanye neentwala, namaphela, msinya ngendlela ekungakghonakala ngayo ngemva kobanyana iinkukhwezo sele zisusiwe endaweni leyo, iinunwana zinomukghwa wokuzifihla lokha umakhiwo nawupholileko, nekungokhunye ekwenza bonyana kube nzima ukuziqeda. Kunamakhemikhali amanengi asebenza ukuhlula iinlwanyana ezimumatha ubulwele. Ukuze kungabi nobutjhapho begodu kube nemiphumela elindelekileko, abakhiqizi kufuze balandele yoke imilawu yokusebenzisa amakhemikhali la.
Ukukhandelwa kwamakhondlo nakho kufuze kwenziwe ngokukhulu ukurhaba, ngokukuya nge-OIE, kuthathwe koke ukudla kususwe lapho kubekwe khona ukwenzela bonyana amakhondlo adosekela esithiyweni. Ukudla okudala nokubolileko nakho kufuze kususwe, ngombana kungamumatha amagcikwana neengogwana ezingabangela amalwele.
Iindawo zeenkukhu ziumatha amagcikwana amanengi begodu kufuze kuyelelwe khulu ukwenzela bonyana kuvikelwe ukurhatjheka kwethuli kanye namasiba ngesikhathi asuswa. Iinzibi kufuze zilahlwe ngendlela yokuthi izokuvikela ukurhatjheka kobulwelwe begodu zibekelwe kude nezindlu zeenkukhu.
Abakhiqizi kufuze basebenzise imithetho elawula zepilo nokuphepha lokha nabahlwengisa izindlu zeenkukhu, isibonelo, itjhila elivikelako, amadlhavu, amabhudzu werege, iingwani ezide kanye nezikhandela ubuso kufuze zimbathwe ukuvikeleka ethulini, amagcikwana kanye namakhemikhali ayingozi. Ukwenzela ukuhlwengisa ngepumelelo kufuze kususwe zoke iinsetjenziswa. Kufuze kuqinye negezi.
Kunamagadango amathathu weendlela zekambiso yokuhlwengisa, zona ngilezi; ukuhlwengisa okomileko, ukuhlwengisa okumanzi kanye nalokho kokusebenzisa izinto ezikhandela ukukula kwamagcikwana. Nakwenziwa ukuhlwengisa okomileko, kusetjenziswa umthanyelo, ibhratjhi, iyariga, nofana isisetjenziswa sokuvuthelwa komoya singasetjenziswa ukususa ithuli, ihlabathi kanye nokhunye okukhambelana nakho koke ngendlini, ekufaka hlangana nesiphehla moya, ifluru, umfulelo, kanye neentupeni.
KHUMBULA-KE, UKUHLWENGISA OKOMILEKO AKUKAFANELI UKWENZIWA NGEENDLINI ESELE ZITSHWAYELEKE NGAMALWELWE ABIZWA NGAMA-AIRBONE DISEASES, EKUFAKA HLANGANA I-AVIAN, INLFUENZA NOFANA I-NEWCASTLE DISEASE.
Imisebenzi ngokuya nge-OIE, kufanele ithome ngeendawo eziphezulu eziqakathekileko bese kuyiwe keziphasi ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukusuleleka kwangaphambili kweendawo ezihlwengisiweko. Umsebenzi wokulungisa nawo kufuze wenziwe ngalendlela, kuthi iinsetjenziswa lezo engekhe kwakghonakala bonyana zihlwengiswe kuhle zisuswe begodu zijanyiselelwe ngezitjha. Kilobu ubujamo, zoke iincenye zezindlu zeenkukhu kufuze zisuswe ukusilaphazeka, iinzibi kanye namasiba, ngamamitha angaba mabili ukusuka lapho indlu le ikhona kususwe imirho kanye neenzibi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlwengisa okumanzi, iinsetjenziswa zokuhlwengisa kanye nesibha ziyasetjenziswa, kupulwe bekuthanjiswe indawo yoke begodu kususwe yoke into esaleleko. Ngokuya ngehlangano etjheje ukudla nezekulima i-Food and Agriculture Organisation ye-United Nations nebegade bathula umbikwabo mayelana nokuhlwengisa emaplasini wokufuywa kweenkukhu (Cleaning & Disinfection of Poultry Farm) ngu-Yoni Segal, iinsibha ezijayelekileko zokuhlanza izembatho zingenye yeendlela ezilula neziwenzako umsebenzi.
Iinsetjenziswa ezisebenzisa umoya ukuvuthela ziyasetjenziswa kilesi isigaba, kubancono khulu ngamanzi ofuthumeleko, ukuthi kuhlwengiswe indlu begodu nakunzima ukufinyelela ezinye zeendawo, ekufana nalapho kungena khona umoya kanye neendromu zeemphehla moya.
Ngesikhathi sokusetjenziswa kweensetjenziswa ezilwisana nokukhuula kwamagcikwana, zisetjenziselwa ukubulala iingogwana namagcikwana. Ihlangano i-South African Poultry Association iyelelisa abafuyi bonyana balandele imithetho yokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswezi ngokukhulu ukuyelela, njengombana angekhe zapha imiphumela elindelekileko nangabe zisetjenziswe budedengu nofana kancani khulu, nangabe iliswe isikhatjhana esifitjhani bonyana yenze umsebenzi nofana bonyana yome ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokwenza umsebenzayo. Izinga lamanzi kanye nobujamo bokutjhisa bendlu kufuze nabo buqalwe ngesikhathi kusetjenziswa ipengu le. Ngemva kokusebenzisa indlela le, zoke iinsetjenziswa zibuselwa lapho zifanele khona ngaphambi kobanyana indlu ingafufuzelwa kwamaswaphela ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubungozi bamakhemikhali.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi