Yini Imphuphu Lemtfubi?
Imphuphu lemtfubi yintfo leyakhiwe yincenye yembali lendvuna yetinhlavu letetfwala titjalo. Itfwala tinhlavu talemphuphu lemtfubi tintfol letindvuna (tinhlayiya tebudvodza besitjalo). Letitintfo letindvuna kulemphuphu lemtfubi naletinye tinhlayiya ekwakhiweni lokubitwa ngekuvundzisa.Ngekukhuluma ngalokubanti, kukhona tinhlobo letimbili temphuphu lemtfubi.
Imphuphu ye Entomophilous – lecokelelwe tilwanyana ngesikhatsi sekufutfumalisa kwetilwanyana.
Imphuphu ye Anemophilous – itfwala ngumoya kunetilwanyana futsi ihlangene nema allergies (lokuhlupha bantfu).
Kuvundzisa lemphuphu yindlela lemcoka yekudla kwetinyosi, inika ema protein ekudleni kwetinyosi letindzala, futsi imcoka kakhulu ekungetekeni kwesisindvo esibungwini lesisha lesisandza kutalwa.
Tindlela te Mphuphu (Kuvundzisa)
eNingizimu Afrika, tihlahla temgomu, tihlahla tendalo kanye nemahlashana lamafisha, titjalo tekulima, lukhula kanye netimbali tengadze tinika lemphuphu (emaprotein) kanye nalokunongotelako (emacarbohydrates) etinyosi teluju kutsi takhe kudla. Letititjalo tikhokha lokunongotela kanye nalemphuphu ngetikhatsi letehlukene.Sigaba semaprotein siyehluka etimphushini letehlukene. Imphuphu yelizinga lelisetulu ikhokhwa ngetintfo letiningi te clover, te almond kanye netihlahla temapear. Sicumbi sema Populus, ilupin kanye necanola. Lizinga lelincane lalemphuphu licokelelwa kusuka kumagungumence laluhlatasasibhakabhaka, imbaliyelilanga, sitaputapu lesinongotelako kanye nesicumbi se Typha.
Tifundvo temnyaka wa 2017 eSaudi Arabia tiveta kutsi lamaprotein emphuphu atfwele ilucerne lengu (20,2%), lusuku lwe palm (19,8%) icanola (18,9%) isquash sasehlobo (16,4%) netimbalitelilanga (15,2%).
eNingizimu Afrika, tindlela talemphuphu tingafaka iechium lelukhwebeletane (ngetulu kwa 30% wemaprotein), imacadamia (16 – 22%), ummbila (14 – 15%) kanye nesihlahla se pine (7 – 8%). emaProtein latfelwe eticumbi te Eucalyptus tihluka kusuka ku 17% kuya ku 30%.
Kuletihlahla temgomu tala Ningizimu Afrika, imbali lebovu (iCorymbia ficifolia), ligcololensimbi lelimphunga (Eucalyptus paniculate), libhokisi lelimtfubi (Eucalyptus melliodora) kanye neligcololensimbi lelimnyama ngutona titfolwa tinyosi.
Kucokelela iMphuphu Lemtfubi
Lemphuphu lemtfubi icokelelwa tisebenti tetinyosi bese ititfwala iya emabhokisini emabhasikidini alemphuphu (icorbicula) ngemilente yangemuva. Lemphuphu icokelelwa ngalemitimba yaletinyosi. Titsi tindiza, lokunyakata kwaletimphiko kwakha gesi lotsite kanye nekungeteteleka lokungalungi. Ngesikhatsi lenyosi yehlela embalini, lemphuphu iyatsintseka kulencenye yetimbali letindvuna bese ihlala kuletinwele letivala umtimba wenyosiyeluju.Lolulwimi lwalenyosi kanye nemihlatsi nako kuyasetjentiswa ekumunyei kanye nekucokelela tinhlavu talemphuphu lemantisa letinhlavu talemphuphu, lokubese kyenta ihlangane ndzawonye. Lemphuphu ibese ibutsana ndzawonye ngalemilente yangemuva, ibutsane ibemabhola bese iyacindzeteleka kule corbicula.
Nasibuyela kulelibhokisi laletinyosi, lemphuphu ibekwa endzawaneni lencane, kanyekanye naletinye tinongo.
Imphuphu Lemtfubi Njengendlela ye Kudla
Uma lemphuphu itsatfwa imikiswa kulelibhokisi bese ipakishwa etindzawaneni letingenalutfu, ihlanganiswa nalokunongotelako bese kugaywa ngalokumanti ngaphambi kufakwe endzaweni lencane kanye nelitfonsi leluju. Lolokumanti kwekugaya kutfwele ligciwane le lactic acid lelivama kugaya shukela, lihlukanisa lamaprotein abe ngema amino acid lagayekako bese livikela kukhula kwemuhlwa.Lokukuhlangana, kubitwa nge ‘sinkhwa setinyosi’ lokunikwa sibungu setinyosi teluju kanye netinyosi letisandza kutalwa letisebentako. Letisebenti tetinyosi letincane tidzinga lesinkhwa setinyosi lesivutsiwe ngema-protein kwentela kutfutfukisa lolokungemanti letikudzingako njengetinyosi letindzala kwentela kupha letibungu kanye netindlovukazi tetinyosi leluju. Tinyosi letindzala tidla luju.
Imphuphu yetinyosi itfolakala ngekwentsengo kwentelwa bantfu futsi icokelelwa bgacinibetinyosi kusuka etinyosi teluju letisebentako, kusebentisa kwekubamba lemphuphu lemtfubi. Lokusetjentiswa kwalemphuphu kuhlangahlangene kantsi futsi, le United’ State’s Food kanye ne Drug Administration (FDA) kpnkhe kepha lokufunwako kwe ‘tindlela tendalo letikahle temaprotein’, lokubulala emajemusi’ kanye ‘nalokususa-kugula’.
Kuphikisana ngekusetjentiswa kwemphuphu lemtfubi yetinyosi kwentela kudliwa bantfu kufaka kutsi loku kutonciphisa bukhona/kutfolwa kwema protein kwentela tinyosi, ngekwengeta, lokutsi nje kukhona tindlela letishiphile tekungetetela kudla kwebantfu.
Translated by Phindile Malotana