Emagama eTive
Leligama letive lelisetjentiswa ngulomdzala lomdvuna noma lomsikati longumXhosa lotfolile lomdvuna noma lomsikati kwa babe wakhe nebulunga benhlangano kusive lesitsite. Nomakunjalo, lesive sasilicembu lelibantana kunalawo lahlangene, lelinetintfo tendzawo letibalulekile.
Lamalunga lamaningi lahlukene esive sinye abevame kuhlala etindzaweni letehlukene futsi bekubalandzeli bebaholi betive letehlukene kanjalo netikhulu. Baholi betive nebalandzeli labaningi endzaweni yesikhulu lemelelwe balandzeli bayo kukhansela wesikhulu bese basebenta kutotonkhe tijubo letitsintsana nesigodlo sesikhulu. Emalunga esive bekutintalelwano tabokhokhomkhulu-lababantfu nje, noma lokunje ngeke sekuphasiswe.
Emalunga esive sinye bakangashadani futsi wesifazane bekagcina ligama lesive sakhe ngisho nangemuva kwekushada. Leligama lalesive lisolo libalulekile ngisho nalamuhla njengentfo lesho kutfolwa kwemmango. Ngesikhatsi bantfu labangatani bahlangana, bavame kwetfulana bona bodvwa ngekutsi batjelane ngemagama etive tabo. Ngalena ndlela loku kwenta kuhlangana ngekufanana lokutfolwako futsi lokwakhekako/lokucalwako.
Indzawo yeTikhulu yema Xhosa
Emakhaya emaXhosa endzaweni letsite awela ngaphansi kwemandla ekutsatsa sincumo kwetikhulu tendzawo lapho khona tindzawo tabo betikadze tikhonakhona. Indzawo Lenkhulu nalenhle yesikhulu yakhe lommango, kuphatfwa, emandla ekutsatsa sincumo kanye nendzawoyemasotja lesendzaweni yesigodlo sesikhulu.
Noma nje labo labasetulu ngesikhundla labanemandla alesigodlo sesikhulu bebavame kuphumula nekhansela yesikhulu kunekutsi bahlale nesikhulu ucobo lwaso, lesikhulu nomakunjalo sasiyinhloko, singubabe futsi sibuke kusekela lesigodlo. Besimemetela ngekutingela, kuvuna, imphi kanye nekusoka — natotonkhe tintfo temmango letifaka kusetjentiswa kwetintfo leticijile kufana netikhali kannye nemakhuba.
Tonkhe letitintfo tatisondzele ngekuhlangana nemahlatsi kanye netitfunti (imimoya), kanye netintfo letihambisana nemisebenti yekugeza kanye nekungenti lutfo (kutila) kusuka enyameni, emasi, tjwala, ligwayi kanye nekuhlangana ngetelicansi. Letitintfo temmango nato tifaka imicimbi yekuhlaba ne/noma kwenta budokotela ngemitsi.
Titfunywa kanye netelaphi letisebenta ngemacembe bekubantfu labasebentela sikhulu, bebenta litulu ngesikhatsi sesomiso, bebelapha emabutfo ngaphambi kwemphi, bebanaka emasimu elahlanyelwako kwentela kuciniseka kutsi kuba nesivuno lesihle, kunuka batsakatsi kanye nekwelapha kugula kanye nebhadi endvodzeni nasenkunzini.
Balandzeli besikhulu bebayincenye yemitimbaa-leyakhekile yemadvodza lasebenta njengemasotja emphini, kuvikela sigodlo kulabo bomakhelwane labalwako betikhulu noma tihambi. Kufika kwekufa kanye nekubhadalela kubulala noma butsakatsi bebubhadaleka ngendlela yenkhomo esikhulwini.
Tonkhe letikhumba te leopard kanye nalolokumhlophe lokutsatfwa nakutingelelwa sikhulu, umuntfu lokunguye kuphela lekumele embatse sikhumba se leopard (umnweba) kanye nelibhande lasemkhonweni lelakhiwe ngentfo lemhlophe (umxhaka). Ngesikhatsi sa 1831 iGrahamstown yayihambisa timphahla letibita Tinkhulungwane Temashumi lasihlanu njalo ngemnyaka, lelapho Tinkhulungwane Letimashumi Lamabili neSikhombisa yayentiwa ngesikhumba sesilwane bese Tinkhulungwane Letintsatfu betitentfo lemhlophe letsengwa kumaXhosa.
Lama Xhosa bekangatfoli nje timphahla tentsengo (tingubo tekulala, buhlalu kanye netintfo tensimbi), kepha bekuphindze kube ngemahhashi kanye netibhamu. Balandzeli balesikhulu bebaletsa tinkhomo ekhabo makoti (emalobolo) kuMfati Lomkhulu wesikhulu. Bebangenela umcimbi wemnyaka wemasotja Endzaweni Lenkhulu, ngesikhatsi lelibutfo belinakekelwa ngudokotela-wemphi (itola). Umcimbi wetitselo tekucala (ulibo) bowubanjwa ngesikhatsi lesifanako, lapho khona letitjalo betinambitfwa khona tikhulu ngaphambi tivunwe emasimini.
Emalungiselelo eTembusave eNdzawo Yesikhulu sema Xhosa
Noma sikhulu sema Xhosa sasisendlu yemakhosi ema Tshawe, loku bekungasho kkutsi bebakadze bahambisana netembusave kutotonkhe tinkinga ngasosonkhe sikhatsi. Emalungiselelo etembusave abengagucula kushiyane ngenkinga lekhona. Fana nekutsi, kufana nekusakaka kwekugula kwemaphaphu kanye neKubulawa kwe Tinkhomo lokwalandzela kona ngemnyaka wa 1856—7, letinye tikhulu tema Xhosa betisekela kubitwa kweSikhulu Lesibalulekile Sarhili, lebekuhambisana ngebubholofidi besikhatsi seminyaka yetinkhulungwane teMhlakaza ne Nongqawuse, kubulala tonkhe tinkhomo nemabele, kepha letinye betala kwenta njalo.
Balandzeli lebebatsintseka ngesikhulu lesingatiwa bebagucukela esikhulwini lesatiwa kakhulu. Lokufana, nemuntfu lotalelwe ekhaya leliphakeme, lapho kukhona tembusave letiningi kanye nekuvikelwa ngemasotja, angatsatsa buholi kumnakabo lomunye noma angasuka, acale indzawo lensha phindze acale indzawo yakhe latayihola lensha. Ngekuya ngemaXhosa ngekwelisiko, Tshawe, indlu lencane ya Nkosiyamntu, kusukela yaba yindlu lephetse emaXhoseni.
Muva, ngesikhatsi sandvulo semnyaka wekushumi nesiphohlongo, Indvodzana Lengasesandleni-Sekudla se Sikhulu Phalo Rharhabe wewela Umfula iKei nebalandzeli bakhe ngemuva kwekucabana ngebusotja nemnakabo lomncane Gcaleka lotalwa ngulomunye make, lobe akadze ayindlalifa kumholi welicembu lelincane. Rharhabe wasungula lakhe licembu lalihola Etintsabeni Letincane tase Amabele, ase lama Xhosa ase Ciskeian kwefika kutsi atiwe njenge amaRharhabe, sive lesisolo sibalulekile nalamuhla.
Translated by Phindile Malotana