Amabizo Wenkoro
Ibizo lekoro lisetjenziswa babantu abadala abaduna nanyana abasikazi begodu balithatha kiboyise kanye nemalungeni azinhlobo nanyana ikoro yinye. Nanyana kunjalo, ikoro kade kusiqhema esikhulu kunomndeni, ekhabe uqakatheke endaweni leyo kwaphela. Amalunga womndeni ahlukahlukeneko wekoro yinye eskhathini esinengi kade ahlala eendaweni ezahlukahlukeneko begodu kade abalandeli benkosi zenkoro ezehlukahlukeneko kanye namakhosana.
Abadosi phambili benkoro egade banabalandeli abanengi ebukhosini obuthize, kade bajamele abalandeli babo ekhanselini yekosi, begodu gade bazibandakanya ngasosoke isikhathi lokha nakuthathwa iqunto eziphathelene nobukhosi. Amalunga wekoro, kanye nemindeni yayo eyabelana ngokhokho, nanyana lokhu gade kungeze kwafakazelwa. Amalunga wekoro yinye khabe angathathani begodu umfazi gade isibongo sakhe sekoro angasitjhugululi ngitjho nangemva kokobana ende.
Ibizo lekoro nanje lisasebenza. Lokha abantu abangazaniko bahlangana, bavamise ukuzithula ngokobana babize ibizo lekoro yekhabo. Ngendlela le, barhona ukwaza kuhle kobana bayahlobana namkha awa.
Ubukhosi bakwaXhosa
Umuzi wekhaya lakwaXhosa endaweni ethize uwela ngaphasi kobukhosi bekosi yendawo leyo abantu abahlala kiyo. Indawo ekulu yekosi iba nezehlalakuhle, zokuphatha, zokulawula kanye nezobujoni eziyisentha yekosi. Nanyana ubukhosi obukhulu besigodlo busebenza ngekhansela yekosi kunokobana ikosi izibethele umthetho ngokwayo, ikosi kusese ngiyo ehlonitjhwako, nengubaba wesitjhaba. Gade iphatha zokuzuma, zokuvuna, zepi nezengoma-kanye nazo zoke izinto zepi lapha kusetjenziswa khona imikhonto nanyana amalembe.
Iinsetjenziswezi gade zihlotjaniswa nehlathi kanye nemimoya kanye netjhaba ezizinhlobo zekuqwengeka kweminyanya kanye nokuzila inyama, amasi, utjwala, igwayi kanye nokuya emsemeni.
Lokha nakwenziwa izintwezi kwakutlhogakala kobana kwenziwe iminyanya lapha kuhlatjwa khona imihlatjelo, nanyana kufakwa iinhlanhla zokwelapha. Iinyanga ezibhulako kanye nezelaphako ngokomlando gade zisebenzela ikosi, begodu gade zinisa izulu lokha nakunesomiso, zilapha amajoni beziwaqinise ngaphambi kwepi, ziqinisa amasimu ukuqiniseka kobana kuba nesivuno esihle, zinukelela abaloyi, begodu zilapha amalwelwe, zisuse amabhadi abantwini kanye nenlwaneni.
abalandeli bekosi gade kumadoda anemizimba eqinileko ekhabe bamajoni epini, bavikela ubukhosi ezitheni ekhabe kuzinkosi ezibomakhelwani nanyana ezibaphalali. Iinkolodo zokufakanye nenhlawulo zokubulala nanyana zokuloya gade zibhadelwa ikosi, ikosi gade ihlawulwa ngenkomo.
Zoke iinkhumba zengwemabala kanye namazinyo wendlovu ezazitholwa lokha nakuzunywako gade ziya ekosini, ekhabe kungiyo kwaphela umuntu, okhabe avumeleke kobana angembatha iskhumba sengwemabala (umnweba) kanye nebhengela elinziwe ngezinyo lendlovu (umxhaka) Ngonyaka ka-1931 indawo ye-Grahamstown gade ithumela ngaphandle ipahla ebiza i-£50,000 qobe nyaka, lapha eziyi-£27,000 gade zenziwe ngeskhumba kanye ne-£3,000 yamazinyo wendlovu ekhabe athengwe emaXhoseni.
AmaXhosa khabe wona athola nanyana babarhwebela ngengubo,imincamo kanye nensimbi), kodwana nempera nembhamu nazo gade bazithola. Abalandeli bekosi khabe bakhipha iinkomo lokha ikosi iyokulobola umfazi omkhulu. Khabe baya esigodlweni qobe nyaka bayokubukela amajoni nakazilolongako, nanyana nabaqiniswa yinyanga yezipi (itola) nanyana nabakhambele mnyanya wenthelo zokuthoma (ulibo) okhabe ubanjwa nawo khonokho, lapha iintjalo gade zidliwa yikosi ngaphambi kokobana zivunwe emasimini.
Ukuqondana kwezePolotiki yobukhosi bamaXhosa
Nanyana ikosi yamaXhosa gade ihlala esigodlweni emzini -wamaTshwawe, khabe kungatjho bona gade bakhuluma into efana nabantu abahlala khona nanyana bavumelana ngezepolotiki ngaso soke isikhathi. Ukuvumela ngezepolotiki gade kutjhuguluka kuye ngokobana kukhulunywa ngani. Ukwenza isibonelo,ngeskhathi lokha kunobulwelwe bamaphaphu eenkomeni nalokha kubulawa khona iinkomo ekwalandela ngeminyaka yabo-1856 -7.
Ezinye iinkosi zamaXhosa zazisekela ikosi eqakathekileko uSarhili, okhabe alandela isiphorofido sakaMhlakaza kanye noNongqawuse, skokobana kubulawe zoke iinkomo kanye nesiphila, kodwana abanye khabe bangavumi ukwenza lokho. Abalandeli ekhabe bangayithandi ikosi leyo,khabe batjhuguluka bathande enye ikosi ethandwa babantu abanengi.
Ngokufanako, ikosi engundambo zilikhuni, enabasekeli bepolotiki abanengi kanye namajoni, khabe irhona ukuthatha intambo zokubusa zomnwakabo ngekani nanyana iketule ikosi leyo, ithathe inarhayo izenzele ubukhosi bayo. Ngokuya ngokwendatjana zomlomo eziqoqwa maXhosa, uTshawe wathatha ngekani ubukhosi kumnakwabo uCirha. Okwarholela kobana uTshwawe, okhabe abuphetjhani bakaNkosiyamntu, kobana abe yikosi yamaXhosa kusukela lokho. Lada ngeminyaka yabo-18th century, indoda ekhabe isebenza esandleni sokudla sekosi uPhalo, uRharhabe wawelela umlambo i-Kei nabalandeli bakhe ngemva kokulwa namajoni womnakwabo uGcaleka, okhabe ayindlalifa yekosi. Urharhabe watlama ubukhosi bakhe obutjha enkhisini zeAmabele. E-Ciskei amaXhosa aziwa ngokobana maRharhabe nanamhlanje.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana