Sigodlo Lesinemandla
iMapungubwe yindzawo yandvulo yesive sase Afrika lesachakaza ngasemnceleni weMfula we Limpopo kusuka ngesikhatsi semakhulu layimfica kuya kunkhulungwane nemakhulu lamatsatfu. Sigodlo sekucala lesatiwako esub-Saharan eAfrika futsi sasakateka etindzaweni letitsite, savala tincenye lenyalo tatiwa ngekutsi yi Ningizimu Afrika, Botswana ne Zimbabwe.
Ngetulu kwaloko, ngesigaba sayo samuva, iMapungubwe beyisigodlo lesinemandla lebesinekuchumana nebe China, Arabic kanye nebatsengisi base India, lebetikadze titsengisa ngase Lusentseni loluse Mphumalanga yase Afrika kusuka ngeminyaka lemakhulu lamane ngaphambilini. Ngesikhatsi indzawo yase Mapungubwe ibhidlika kumbe ngekushesha ngemnyaka wa 1290, labebahlala khona basuka baya etindzaweni letincono, letifana nelidolobha le legendary stone lase Zimbabwe Lomkhulu.
Nyalo limukelwa ngekutsi labo bebakadze babaseMapungubwe sebakanye nemaShona amanje kanye nebantfu baseVenda (lefutsi banikela kuSive sebeSotho nemaTshwana). Lokunje, iMapungubwe idlala indzima lesemkhatsini ngendlela lemcoka nalekhohliwe yemlandvo wetfu wakucala.
Lidolobha Lelalahlwa
Ngaphandle kwemlandvo walo, nomakunjalo, iMapungubwe kanye nebantfu bayo babonakala bashiye ngaphandle bungibo babo lobujwayelwe, totimbili letive tendzawo lebetiphila kulendzawo kanye nelinyenti lelafika lebase Europe. Ngisho ngemuva 'selitfoliwe' ngeminyaka yekucala nga 1930, lendzaba yase Mapungubwe yadlalwa yabaphansi njengalokumangalisako lokwaba lifu lelimnyama lelengca eAfrika, futsi yamikiswa ngemuva kwemanti wemlandvo.
Kepha konkhe lolokujikako. Ngemnyaka wa 1994, kanyekanye netintfo letinsha tenkhululeko, kwabanekufuna lokwaguculwa kuloko lokwake kwalahlwa kwemlandvo wase Afrika (noma yini leyabulala kufika kwa van Riebeeck). Kwakukhona nekufuna kutfola Kanye nekubuyisa tintfo tandvulo letilugcabho lwema Afrika lokungasebenta njengelilambu lema ;Afrika Andvulo'. iMapungubwe yayikadze ilithikithi.
Sigodlo Sekucala Semvelo
Bumcoka noma sisho selutfo salendzawo siphindze sihambe sengce emagede asendzaweni. Ngendlela, ngemuva kwemalungiselelo labayimphumelelo, Lendzawo Yelisiko lase Mapungubwe lachazwa njenge Ndzawo Yemhlaba Yemasiko ngenombolo leyiyikhulungwane nemashumi layimfica nemfica ngenyanga ya Bhimbidvwane emnyakeni wa 2002.
Njenge ICOMOS (Khansela Wangaphandle kuTikhumbuto kanye Netindzawo) wachaza kumbhalo wabo ku UNESCO, "iMapungubwe ngeyawonkhe muntfu ngalendlela lekhomba ngayo kuvuka nekuwa kwesigodlo sekucala semvelo eafrika leseningizimu.
Khona kuletindzawo kunetintfo letasala temadolobha lamatsatfu, tintfo letikhomba emakhaya abo, kanye netindzawo letilapho kuhlanganela khona imifula lemibili yeLimpopo ne Shashe, lapho kuvundzaw kwayo kwasekela inombolo lenkhulu kulesigodlo," "Indlela yeMapungubwe ekuweleni kwase nyakatfo/ ningizimu kanye ne mphumalanga/nshonalanga imigwaco lese Afrika leseningizimu yenta kutsi ikhone kuphatsa intsengiso kutindzawo tase Afrika lese Mphumalanga kuya eIndia nase China kanye nase afrika leseningizimu.
Kusuka endzaweni lekhashane nelwandle yavuna ligolide kanye nesikhatsi - tintfo letisebentisako lapho kulukhuni khona kutihambisa-lokwenta kutsi kubengumnotfo lomuhle lowaboniswa kutintfo tasendzaweni njengetintfo letifako tase China kanye nebuhlalu beligilasi base Persian." "Kugcina noma kungaphumeleli kwe Mapungubwe lokwashesha, lokwaletfwa timo telitulu, kanye nekulahlwa kwelidolobha, kusho kutsi lokwasala kwalesigodlo kugciniwe.
Indzawo yeMapungubwe njenge sicalo lesinemandla eAfrika leseningizimu kwawelela enyakatfo kwaya eZimbabwe Lenkhulu nase Khami. iMapungubwe kumele ibonwe njenge lihlahlandlela laletigodlo letimbili tamuva."
Indzawo yeLisiko
Ngako iMapungubwe iyintfo lemukela umcebo weLisiko leSive kanye neLisiko lesigaba Semhlaba. Kepha lingenakuphi lelitemu lelitsi 'indzawo yelisiko'? Yebo, kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1992, kukhulumisana lokumcoka emkhatsini webantfu kanye nesimo setintfo sekubonwe njengendzawo yelisiko, lefutsi iMapungubwe iyayifanela lenchazelo noma lesisho.
Njenga Jane Curruthers, wemlandvo wetintfo lohlonishwako, ukubeka kanjena:"iMapungubwe ayisiyo yemvelo, kepha yetintfo letakhiwa kukhomba labantfu labayihambisa. Lomshayeli longuyena wakulendzawo wasetjentiswa, waphatsa kabi bantfu waphindze wakhulisa letintfo temvelo entela kucinisa linani lemnotfo, tepolitiki kanye nebudlelwane."
Carruthers wachubeka ngekufaka lesinye sikhulumi, P.Fowler, lowatsi: "liningi lalabasemhlabeni labaphila endzaweni ngetulu nge, bukukhulu noma bukhulu ngebuncane, 'tindzawo temasiko' [kantsi] litemu lelimcoka lelidze lelitfolwa ngekufaka tindzawo temasiko ngaphansi Kwemhlangano Wemhlaba Wemasiko kungukutsi kumele kusitwe kuphucula tonkhe tindzawo letinkhulu letatiwako letikhishwe nomakuphi'. Njengekusho kwetfu sonkhe!
Translated by Phindile Malotana