Emaciniso Laphangisako
iMapungubwe yakhiwe enyakatfo nshona lesekoneni yase Ningizimu Afrika, lapho kuhlangana umfula weLimpopo ne Shashe. Isegedeni neBotswana kanye ne Zimbabwe, ibukene ne Tuli Block. Iminyaka letinkhulungwane teminyaka leyahamba, lenabekuyindzawo yesive lesikhulu lesinemandla lesatsengisa ngemamesheni lasuselwa emphuma lesemnceleni ye Afrika.
Kukhona tindzawo letingetulu kwemakhulu lamakhulu lamabili lasendzaweni yinye kantsi matsatfu 'emadolobha' lasetindzaweni ngetikhatsi letingafani: Zhizo, K2 ne Mapungubwe Hill Lidolobha lase Mapungubwe kwakungilo lelikhulu futsi linemali. Lenkhosi beyihlala iyodvwa endzaweni yayoyodvwa lesetulu, babe bantfu bayo bahlala etindzaweni letisekungeneni kwentsaba.
Ngemuva kwekubhidlika kwesive, iminyaka lemashumi lasikhombisa, letive letasala kulendzawo tala kuya eceleni kwentsaba, titsemba kutsi kutobayindzawo lapho labaphansi bebahlala khona. Lentsaba yatfolwa kucala bantfu labamhlophe nga 1932, lapho khona indvodza lengaboni emehlweni lebitwa nga Mowena wafucwa kutsi akhombe intsaba lendzala kuthishela lobitwa nga Van Graan.
Van Graan nebangani bakhe batfola inombolo temangcwaba ngetulu kwentsaba lebekagcwele tintfo temingcwabo letinhle, lokujwayelwe kakhulu yintfo lephelele yaBhejane lowakhiwe nge foyili yeligolide.
Yini Letintfo Letingakajwayeleki ne Tinganekwane?
Ngabe kuvakala kuchazana? Yebo kunjalo! Ngakoke yini singati ngalamasiko lesiwakhohlwako kanye netintsaba letimimangaliso? Yebo, noma iMapungubwe kwaba ngiyo yekucala yekuhlalisa bantfu kumadolobha lase sub- Saharan la Afrika, yayivalwe ngetintfo letimimangaliso kanye nenganekwane ngeminyaka leyatsatsa emakhulu lasikhombisa.
Futsi kukhona tizatfu letimubalwa tale lacuna. Kwekucala, ngalesisimo kanye naletinye tintfo teminyaka kubantfu eMelika leseNingizimu kanye nase Mkhatsini weMphumalanga, kunekuchubeka lokuncane phakatsi kwe Mapungubwe yebantfu basendvulo kanye netintfo tabo, ngetulu kwetintfo letimbalwa letetfusako letivakalako kanye nalokudzala.
Ngetulu kwaloko, labaseMapungubwe abazange bashiya ngemuva imibhalo, kanye nemlandvo wekubonisa awubuyeli emuva kwengca iminyaka lelikhulu lembalwa. Ekugcineni, ngetelubandlululo la Ningizimu Afrika, lohulumende bakangafuni kuhalalisa tintfo nje kantsi nendlela yemfundvo beyingasebentisani nemlandvo wase Afrika.
Lomhlaba wemaBushmen kanye nelitiko leBantu yensimbi lendzala yetakhamuti yagcotjiswa ngetulu noma ayinakwanga tincwadzi, manje loku kwakhokha intfo lephekiwe kutsi kute lokuningi lokwenteka eNingizimu Afrika kwaze kwefika base Europe nga 1500.
Emalungiselelo Emfundvo nga 1994
Labanye betfu labangenanhlanhla leningi kutsi sifundze ngaphansi kwalemigacagaca yase Ningizimu Afrika Yesive solo angeke kutamatise lokuchaza kutsi balandzaweni bebasolo balukhuni, sicumbi selive lema chaps, lesihlala kuboguca nekuzuba emahlatsini netikhali.
Sinye silima selubandlululo satsi kimi 'Bantfu base Afrika abanawo emasiko' futsi, ngaphambi ngikhubeke, kumele ngikhumbule kutsi loku yintfo bekayifundzisiwe ngemilandvo yamuva. Solo, ngetulu kweminyaka, kubekhona imibukiso leminingi lebekwe yiNyuvesi yase Pitoli, kantsi nalendzaba yabikwa ephaphandzabeni.
Nomakunjalo, liningi laletindzaba letibekwe 'ngendlela lengatfolakali kahle' ye Mapungubwe yacatjangwa sikhatsi kutsi ngabe ngubani lohlobise lobuhle babhejane weligolide - longabhudzanga sikhashana kutsi kungaba nenkhomba. Kepha, ngencenye lengiyo, iMapungubwe yamikiswa kumashelufa etintfuli ngemfundvo kunelitsemba lekutsi kutolibalwa ngayo. Futsi kwacishe kwenteka.
Kukhomba 1994
Kusukela nga 1994, nomakunjalo, lisu lepolitiki lishintjile bese iMapungubwe itsetfwe njengesitfombe Lesiyintfo eAfrika; sibonelo lesingabonakala kahle setintfo letinhle lenyalo sifuna kutisusa. Ngendlela, nga 1997, lemfundvo yemlandvo yalungiswa kwentela kufaka sitfombe lesiphelele semlandvo wase Afrika, futsi iMapungubwe yabuyiselwa endzaweni yayo lefanele ngebuve betfu.
Njengekutama ngemandla kwenta lutfo, landzawo yase Mapungubwe lenkhulu nyalo ivikelwe kumagede ePhakhi Yesive lensha. Solo kuyasitjela kutsi sibhale kutsi kunconywa lokukhulu lokwanikwa nguhulumende kubase Ningizimu Afrika nge'msebenti lomuhle kanye nemiphumela lenconywako' ibitwa Kucondza kwe Mapungubwe. Loku, ngako, yindzaba yase Mapungubwe.
Yintfo lesimanga, legcwele timfihlo letasuswa ngetinshwana teligolide, tinshwana tetindziwo kanye netintfo letimbalwa tebantfu letasala. Futsi kuyintfo lechazako kanye nalenemsoco yebantfu bandvulo kanye netintfo letatfolwa, letifundvwa njengetincwadzi letabhalwa ngu H. Rider Haggard. Kepha, noma ngubani lowafundziswa ngaphambi kwa 1997, lendzaba yase Mapungubwe Yendzawo Yemasiko iyintfo leyiyingoti kitsi, kanye nalokungakabhalwa lokudzinga kugcwaliswa.
Translated by Phindile Malotana