Mintiyiso
Mapungubwe yitshame e nwalungu vupela dyambu emakumu ka tiko ra Afrika Dzonga, laha ku hlanganaka milambu ya Limpopo na Shashe. Yile ndzelekanini wa tiko ra Botswana na Zimbabwe, etlhelo ka Tuli Block. Kwalomu ka 1000 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke, laha akuri exikarhi ka nhluvuko lowukulu wa matimba swinene lowu awu xaviselana na vaxavisi vale matikweni kusuka e east coast of Africa.
Kuna kutlula 200 wa tindzhawu ta archaeology letinga kona ekusuhi xikan’we na mintsinda yinharhu yo hambana leyi kunga tshamiwa hi minkarhi yohambana: Zhizo, K2 na Mapungubwe Hill. Ntsinda wa Mapungubwe Hill akuri wona lowukulu wa swigwili. Hosi ayi tshama e nhlonhlorini yantshava yiri yoxe, laha vanhu ava tshama laha hansi ka xitshabyani.
Endzhaku ka kuwa ka nhluvuko, 700 wa malembe lawa yanga hundza, tinxaka leti saleke endzhawini liya ti arile kuya ekusuhi na ntshava, hikuva ava tshemba leswaku i ndzhawu leyi hlawulekeke laha akuri na vale hansi. Xintshabyani lexi xikumiwe rosungula hi valungu hi lembe ra 1932, laha wanuna woka anga voni loyi avitaniwaka hi vito ra Mowena u hlohleteriwe kukombeta xintshabyani lexi hi mudyondzisi loyi vange i Van Graan.
Van Graan na vanghana va yena vakume masirha yotala ehenhla ka ntshava lawa aya khavisiwile hi swilo swa vafi, laha xin’wana xa ndhuma akuri rimhondzo ra xibejwani lexi axi phutseriwile hi foil ya nsku.
Hikokwalaho ka yini Swihlamariso na Leswitshembiwaka?
Switwala switsakisa swinene? Himpela swatsakisa! Se hikokwalaho kayini hitiva totala hita ndzhavuko lowu rivariweke na xintshabyani lexi xohlamarisa? Hambiswiritano, Mapungubwe hiyinwana yatindzhawu leti hluvukeke swinene e sub-Saharan Africa, ayi taleriwile ngopfu hi swihlamariso na leswi aswi tshembiwa kuringana kwalomu ka 700 wa malembe.
Naswona kuna nhlayo ya swivangelo swa ndzhawu leyi ayisele yoxe. Xosungula, tani hileswi swinga xiswona kufana na minhluvuko yin’wana yak hale e Dzongeni wa Amerika nale Middle East, kuna kuyelana nyana exikarhi ka vanhu va khale va Mapungubwe na lava vaximanguva lawa, kutlula swiyila leswi aswinga twisisiwi.
Kuyisa emahlweni, vanhu vale Mapungubwe ava siyanga nchumu xotsariwa naswona matimu lawa ya vulavuriwaka hi nomo aya teki nkarhi woleha kufana na lawa yanga tsariwa. Xohetelela, hinkarhi wa xihlawuhlawu laha Afrika Dzonga, mfumo awunga lavi ku tlhoma matimu lawa e nhongeni naswona tidyondzo leti ati kumeka atinga nghenisi helo matimu yak hale ya tiko ra Afrika.
Tiko ra ma-Bushmen na nhlangano wa khale wa Bantu lowunga tshama wuvuye wu khavisiwa kumbe wunga vikona eka tibuku leti hlayiwaka, naswona leswi swiendle leswaku kuva naku hleketeleriwa ko hoxeka laha aku tshembiwa leswaku aku humelelangi swotala e Dzongeni wa Afrika kufikela loko kuta vifa vanhu vo huma e Europe hiva 1500s.
Dyondzo Kungase Fika 1994
Lava vofana na hina hinga pfumala nkateko waku dyondzeka eka mfumo wa Afrika Dzonga wa xihlawuhlawu nasweswi aswisuki kuvona leswaku vanhu valaha kaya va vone maxangu, vanhu va xintu, lava ava tshama eka tiyindlu ta rhandavula xikan’we naku nghena e nhoveni na matlhari.
Xiphukuphuku xinwana lexingana xihlawu hlawu xite eka mina xiku ‘Vanhu va Afrika avana ndzhavuko’ naswona, loko ndzi nga se khunguvanyeka, ndzi tsundzuke leswaku leswi hiswona vanga dyondzisiwa swona hivativi va matimu va xikhale lavanga koma miehleketo.
Nasweswi, endzhaku ka malembe, kuve na minkombiso yotala swinene ya mani na mani e Yunivhesithi ya Pretoria, naswona hungu leri ritsariwile nale maphepheni. Hambiswiritano, hungu leri ari vulavula ngopfu hiku bayizisa ka Mapungubwe xikan’we naku tivutisa leswaku kungava mani loyi anga vumba rimhondzo ra nsuku ra xibejwani – laha aswinga lorhiwi leswaku ringava ri endliwa kwala kaya.
Kambe minkarhi yotala, Mapungubwe ayi vekiwa emakorhweni laha kunga tala ritshuri eka swatidyondzo hi ntshembo waleswaku yita rivariwa. Naswona aku sele kantsongo yirivariwa.
Endzhaku ka 1994
Kusukela hi 1994, hambi leswi, tipolotiki se ati cincile, Mapungubwe yivuyerile evutshan’winin bya yona tani hi ku yimela African Renaissance; xikombiso xokhomeka xa kuhumelela ka khale loku sweswi hi ringetaka kuku encenyeta. Swahatetano, hi 1997, silabasi ya matimu yivuye yipfuxetiwa kukatsa xifaniso xa kahle xa matimu ya Afrika, naswona Mapungubwe yitlhelerisiwile e matshan’weni ya yona eka rixaka.
Tani himfanelo ndlela leyi, ndzhawu leyikulu ya Mapungubwe sweswi yihlayisiwile endzeni ka ntanga lowu sirheleriweke wa National Park. Switlhela switikomba na hi sagwadi lerikulu leringa xiximiwa hi mfumo wa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga eka ‘kutirha kahle na kuhumelela’ rivitaniwa Order of Mapungubwe. Lexi ke, hixona xitori xa Mapungubwe. Xa hlamarisa no nyanyula, xitaleriwe hi swihundla swohlamarisa leswinga phutseriwa hi swiphemu swa nsuku, swikhuwani xikan’we na masalela ya vanhu lavanga lovela kona.
Switlhela switsakisa swinene xikan’we naku twa leswi nhluuvko wa khale awuri xiswona na leswi thumbiweke, leswi hlayekaka tani hi xibukwana xa H. Rider Haggard. Kambe, eka hinkwavo lavanga dyondza loko kunga se fika lembe ra 1997, xitori xa Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape xina nkoka swinene emihleketweni ya hina naswona yilava ku pfariwa.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni