Iphuzu Malambala Lamsinya
iMapungubwe yakhiwe e-north western corner yeSewula Afrika, isendaweni lapho kuhlangana khona imilambo emibli itjhuguluke ibe mlambo munye yeLimpopo kanye ne-Shashe rivers. Isemgceleni weBotswana kanye ne Zimbabwe eqadi kwe-Tuli Block. Ngeminyaka eyadlulako ema-1000, indawo le yayiyisenta ye-tuthukelo phambili yobuphilo babantu lapha gade kurhwetjwa khona nabarhwebi ababuya e-east coast ye-Afrika.
Kunendawo zemakhiwo nanyana ama-archaeological sites adlula ama-200 abonakalako kanye neenhloko dorobha ezintathu egade kuhlalwa kizo eenkhathini ezahlukeneko ezibizwa bona yi: Zhizo, K2 kanye neMapungubwe Hill. Ihloko dorobha yeMapungubwe Hill bekungekulu nerege khulu. Ikosi gade ihlala yodwa kude le phezu kwentaba, lokha abantu bayo bahlala erhemeni lezindlu ezifanako ezizombeleze intaba nanyana phasi entabeni.
Ngemva kokuwa kwetuthuko yabantu, eminyakeni ema-700 eyadlulako, isitjhaba esasalako endaweni le sabhala ukuya eduze kwentaba, ngombana gade sikholelwa bona yindawo ecwengileko lapha kuhlala khona abezimu. Intaba le yathoma yatholwa makhuwa ngeminyaka yabo-1932, lokha indoda edala esiphofu ebizwa bona nguMowena bamrabhela bona atjengise utitjhere ebegade abizwa bona ngu Van Graan intaba le.
U Van Graan kanye nabangani bakhe bathola amaliba ambalwa phezulu entabeni napho egade azele izinto zokubulunga ezirarako, edume khulu ekwaba ngubhejani obunjiweko opheleleko owenziwe ngerhawuda.
Kungebanga lani Kunemfihlo kanye Nentolwana?
Kungebanga lani Kunemfihlo kanye Nentolwana? Kuzwakala kukarisa? Iye uyakarisa! Njeke kungebanga lani sazi ngokunabileko ngesikweli esele lilitjelwe kanye nentaba yalo enemfihlo? Iye nanyana iMapungubwe igade engenye yeendawo zokuthoma zetuthuko yabantu e-sub-Saharan Africa, gade ivalelwe njengeyifihlo kanye neyi nolwana eminyakeni eminengi ema-700 eyadlulako.
Kunenzathu ezimbalwa ezenza lokhu: Kokuthoma njengazo zoke indawo zetuthuko yabantu ezinengi zakade zeSewula America kanye ne-Middle East, kuneragelo phambili elincani hlangana nabantu beMapungubwe yakade nalaba beskhathi sanje, ngaphandle kwemihlolo emncani embalwa ezwisisekako kanye nenkakaramba.
Ukungezelela abantu bemaPungubwe akhange batjhiye ngemva amarekhodi atloliweko, begodu umlando oqoqwako esikhathini esinengi awukhulumi ngesikhathi sakadesa samakhulu weminyaka adlulako. Kokugcina ngesikhathi sebandlululo seSewula Afrika urhulumende walokha gade angafuni ukukwakwazela iinkulelo zabantu abanzima begodu isistimu yefundo yalokha gade ingakhlulumi nakancani ngomlando we-Afrika.
Iphasi labathwa / Bushmen kanye nehlelo lehalo le-Bantu iron-age gade lingatjhejwa khulu ziimpeli lokho kwarholela enkolelweni ezitjhigamileko zokobana akukho okunengi ekwenzakala eSewula Afrika ngaphambi kokobana kufike ama-Europeans ngeminyaka yabo-1500s.
Ifundo Yangaphambi Komnyaka ka-1994
Thina la abanye esinganatjhudu engokwaneleko bona sifunde ngaphasi kwe-Nationalism nanyana ithando lesizwe seSewula Afrika. Solo asikghoni ukubona bona abahlali balapha kwakade gade baliwoma leentjhaba, ezihlala ezindlini zotjani, beqa yeqa ihlathi loke baphethe imikhonto.
Esinye isidlhadlha esikhethulula ngokombala sakhe sathi kimi ‘Abantu be-Afrika abanalo isiko begodu ngaphambi kokobana ngikwate, kwafanela bona ngikhumbulecbona le yinto amfundise yona ma-historian wesikhathi esidlulileko. Nanyana kunjalo, eminyakeni le sekwenziwe imiqaliso yomphakathi embalwa wenziwa yiJunivesithu yePitori, begodu indaba le sele kukhulunywe ngayo kanengi emaphephandabeni.
Nanyana kunjalo amariphoti amanengi wayo gade akhuluma khulu ngesirerejo seMapungubwe begodu balokhu babuza bona ngubani obaze ubhejane omuhle kangaka werhawuda, akhange khe babhudange nakancani bona kungenziwa ibazwe khonapha. Kodwana, isikhathi esinengi, iMapungubwe gade ibekwa ebujameni obuphasi, emashelifini enethuli wezefundo, ngethemba lokobana kuzokulitjalwa ngayo, begodu pheze kwenzeka lokho.
Ngemva Komnyaka ka-1994
Kusukela ngomnyaka ka-1994, i-ideology yepolotiki yatjhuguluka begodu iMapungubwe yamemezelwa njengephawu elinamandla le-African Renaissance; nekusibonelo esiphathekako sedumo lesikhathini esidlulileko esele sifuna ukulilungisela. Ngokufaneleko ngeminyaka yabo-1997, umlando wenziwa bona ukhambisane nesikhathi ngokuwungezelela ngesithombe esipheleleko somlando we-Afrika wakade begodu iMapungubwe yabuyiselwa endaweni yayo elungileko emikhumbulweni yethu.
Kwanjesi iindawo ezikulu zeMapungubwe sele zivalelwe emigceleni ephephileko zephaga etlanywe kabutjha. Ngibona kuqakathekile bona ngitjho kobana ukuhlonitjhwa okukhulu ekwaphiwa urhulumende weSewula Afrika ngepumelelo wakhe ekulu ibizwa bona yi-Order of Mapungubwe. Le ke, yindaba yeMapungubwe.
Iyindaba emraro, ezele ngeemfihlo ezivalwe ngerhawuda, iincephu zebumba, kanye nensalela ezimbalwa zabantu. Begodu iyindaba yetuthuko yabantu bakade, nezinto ezatholwako ezikarisako, efundeka njengenovela etlolwe ngu H. Rider Kodwana nanyana ngubani owafunda ngaphambi konyaka ka-1997, indaba yeMapungubwe cultural landscape iyigebhu eqakathekileko emikhumbulweni yethu, begodu iyinto enganalitho etjhoda ukuzaliswa.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana