Bantfu base Mhomeni iSterkfontein

!iKwi leseSakhiweni

©Roger de la Harpe
Ngesintfu, lelicembu lekucala lelatfolwa kulomhlaba wema Bushmen kanye nema San, labahlale etincenyeni letiningi eNingizimu yase Afrika kusuka cishe eminyakeni yetinkhulungwane letimashumi lamatsatfu mandvulo. Lolulwimi lwe !Kwi labo kanye nematje labhaliwe ayemuva ngemalanga ngeminyaka yetinkhulungwane (litje lelidzala lelibhaliwe limunyaka lemashumi lasikhombisa yetinkhulungwane budzala bese lomhomu lomdzala lopendiwe uneminyaka lemashumi lamabili nesikhombisa etinkhulungwane budzala,) kahle kahle kubhala iNingizimu yase Afrika njangendzawo lapho kwacala khona imphucuko yesimanje.
Kusukela lendzawo yeSakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwemuntu yaba netintfo letikahle temidlalo, netigojana letinemanti kahle kanye nemhlaba lovundzile, akunangcondvo lokutsi lesive sema Bushmen singaphila kulendzawo. Lokukhombako kwaloku kungatfolwa emhomeni wase Kruger, phakatsi we Rusternburg kantsi nale Sakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu, lapho khona ema archaeologists atfole intsambo kanye nemathuluzi emathe labhaleke emuva eminyakeni letinkhulungwane letisikhombisa. Letintfo tema Bushmen nato setitfoliwe eMhomeni wase Uitkomst endzaweni Yetilwane Temvelo yase John Nash, kantsi nematje lamaningi labhaliwe atfoliwe kulendzawo.
Lama Bushmen abe bongcongcoshe belwati lwe Litje Lelidzala, kepha ngeminyaka letinkhulungwana kadzeni, lensimbi lendzala yavela eNingizimu yase Afrika ngesikhatsi sekufika kwe Bantu. Lesisive lesihambako besikadze kancane sakha indlela yaso phansi kulelive kusuka emakhaya lapho sivela khona eAfrika lese Nshonalanga iminyaka lembalwa yetinkhulungwane, futsi baletsa nabo lwati lolusuka eMphumalanga lese Mkhatsini, kufana netekulima/nekufuya, kulima ngetinkhomo kanye nelwati lwekuncibikilisa phindze bakope lensimbi. Loku kungabenta kusuka kumacembu ema Bushmen langazange abenemihlambi yawo.

iNtu kuleSakhiwo

©David Fleminger
Leligama lelitsi ‘Bantu’ lichamuka emphandzeni yelulwimi (Ntu) lelingamelela sive-lesikhona eAfrika lesihlephulelana ngetigaba letinye. Basahlala eNingizimu Afrika, nomakunjalo, bacala kutilungiselela etigodzini tebuve, sinye ngendlela yaso nebuve. emaNguni (emaSwati, emaZulu kanye nemaXhosa) bakhetsa kuhlala ngasemnceleni welwandle, batilungiselela bona baba yi Misi lemincane (emakhaya) lebegadvwe ngendlela yetindvuna kanye nemadvodza lasesicongweni. Be Sotho (kufaka ema Tswana kanye nemaPedi), ngalenye indlela, bahlala etindzaweni letiphakeme letinetjani bakhula baba ngetulu kwetivana letimashumi lasitfupha lehlukene. Bacolela kuhlala emimangweni lemikhulu lenebantfu labatinkhulungwane letilishumi nesihlani, kantsi nendlela yabo yebuhulumende ibukeka inekuphitsitela.
Nga 1500 AD, emalunga etive tebe Sotho/baTswaba basuka baya endzaweni ye Sakhiwo seluhlobo lweBantfu bacala kutakhela emakhaya abo. Tive letimbili letinkhulu setitfoliwe, labo BaPo kanye nema Kwena ba ka Mmatau, kanye netintfo tabo letitinsimbi letasala, kuvala ngematje kwabo kwetinkhomo kanye netimbuti tabo, tintfo tekudlela netekunatsela tatfolwa etindzaweni letiningi kule Sakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu. Iminyaka yemakhulu leminingi, letitive tiphile imphilo yekuthula kanye nemphumelelo.

Translated by Phindile Malotana