Ikhula lidinga ukulawulwa kuhle ukukhandela ukulahlekelwa mkhiqizo, ngokunakekela iintjalo zakho nokusebenzisa iinsetjenziswa ezifana namanzi kunye nama-nutrients wehlabathi. Ukubhalelwa kulawula ikhula kuzokuqubula imiraro yekhula eletha umphumela wokobana kube nembewu yekhula enengi ehlabathini, eyaziwa njenge-seed bank. Ukuthola imiphumela emihle khulu, abalimi kufanale batjale endaweni ehlwengileko bebahlale bayihlwengisa ngasosoke isikhathi sonyaka sokutjala.
Ukusebenzisa Ama-Mechanical Measures
Ikhula lingakhitjwa ngokusebenzisa izandla nawunomtletle omncani weenthoro, Kodwana lokhu kuzokuba msebenzi obudisi nangabe iplasi lakho likhulu. Abalimi bebahlawula emaplasini wabo, abanye basakwenza lokhu ngaphambili kokutjala ukulungiselela indawo yokutjala ehlwengileko.
Ukuhlawula ngemitjhini kukhulisa iindleko zeembaseli begodu ngokukhamba kwesikhathi kubangele bona ihlabathi ikhukhuleke bekone nendlela ihlabathi engayo, okunomthelela omumbi ekghonweni lehlabathi lokubamba amanzi. Umngqopho kusebenzisa iindlela zokulima ngokutlhogomela ezirhelebha ukwakha ibhoduluko elikhiqiza umkhiqizo ophilileko ngokwenza ncono ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi.
Ukutjhisa
Abalimi bebatjhisa emasimini weenthoro ngemva kokuvuna ukubulala ikhula namalwelwe abangela ama-organisms. Isenzo lesi siyatjhabalala khulu, ingasi ngonobangela wokobana kunobungozi bokuphadlhalalisa umlilo inarha yoke kodwana ngonobangela wokukhula kwelwazi lokobana inemithelela emimbi yokubulala ama-organisms anenzuzo ehlabathini. Namhlanjesi, ukutjhiswa kwenarha kuthathwa njengesisombululo esingathathwa ekuqhineni lokha ezinye nazingasebenziko begodu nalokha abalimi nabanemiraro emikhulu yekhula elingabulawa ma-herbicides.
Ama-Herbicides
Ukukhula kwelwazi ngemithelela emimbi yokuhlawula ngokusebenzisa imitjhini epilweni yehlabathi nendleleni ihlabathi engakhona kurholell ekutheni kukhule ukusebenzisa amahlelo wokulima ngokutlhogomela. Ekulimeni ngokutlhogomela, abalimi bazama ngamandla ukudlalela kude nokutjhisa nokuhlawula inarha yabo ngemitjhini okubenza bona bathembele ekusebenziseni ama-herbicides ukulawula ikhula. Ngalokho bathembela khulu kuma-pre-emergent herbicides ukuqotha ukumila kwembewu yekhula ezala khulu ngesikhathi sokutjala ne-post-emergent herbicides ukuqhina inarha inganakhula ngemva kokutjala.
Ikinga ekulu ngalokhu kukobana lokha nayingalawulwa kuhle kungarholela ekutheni ikhula liqhine lingasabulawa ma-herbicides. Ngalokho kufanele kutlhogonyelwe lokha nakusetjenziswa ama-herbicides ngokulandlela imiyalelo ebekiweko nokutjhintjhatjhintjha indlela ama-herbicides athelwa ngakhona ngokuya kwama-active ingredients. Abalimi bangangena ekingeni ngokusebenzisa ama-herbicides afanako ngokuphindwaphindiweko ngaphandle kokusebenzise okhunye hlangana.
Nakuba khona i-chemistry etja, abalimi kufanele bavikele ukusebenza kuhle kwemikhiqizo leyo begodu bayisebenzise njengendlela yokuqhina yokubulala ikhula.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-herbicides afaneleko kufanele asetjenziswe eentjalweni ezifaneleko ngengombana ama-herbicides enzelwe ukulawula ikhula lamakari amakhulu, utjani nofana lokhu okuhlangeneko. Iintjalo ezifana nekoroyi, isiphila, ibhali, umoba, ihabura nofana isiphila zingafa nawungazifufuzela ngama-herbicides wotjani lapho ama-herbicides wamakari amakhulu angabulala iintjalo ezifana ne-canola, ujikanelanga neenhlahla.
Into ererhe engenziwa kukhuluma nabaluleki bamakhemikhali ukukurhelebha ukutlola ihlelo elifaneleko lokulawula ikhula nokwenza lokhu ngasosoke isikhathi ukuvumela ukukhula okutjha namazinga womtjhiso ahlukahlukeneko.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana