K2 – Awa, Ingasi Intaba (1000 AD – 1220 AD)
Ukubakhona kwabantu besitjhaba samaZhizo eSchronda, nekuyindawo efundwe kuhle nge-archeological esifundeni sangeLimpopo, sahlala ukusukela ku-900 kuya ku-1000 AD. Ngeskhatheso, kwakunewoma elitja labantu elangena entabenezo, lokho kwarholela ekutheni Abantu besutjhab samaZhizo bafuduke msinya esifundenesi. Abantu bokufika abatjhaba beza nemihlobo emitjha yebumba enemirhabiso ehlukileko.
Etjengisa bona basebenzisa isiko elibizwa bona yi-Leopard Kopje culture, egade ikhona eZimbabwe nemalungeni esePumalanga yeSewula Afrika. Batlama ihloko dorobha yabo ebizwa bona yi-K2 etjhingalanga ye-Bambandyanalo hill.
Baragela phambili babusa indawo leyo esikhathi esingaba minyaka ema-200. Isitjhaba seK2 akukafanel Ibona sivangwe nese - Himalayan peak esinebizo elifanako, nekuyintaba yesibili ekulu ephasini elandela intaba i-Everest.
Le i-K2 ithiyelelwe ngemva kwesistimu yokubalwa kwehlalo eliyipumelelo elaziwa bona yi-Koms. Kungezwakala nawungaqabanga bona abahlali beza indaweni le ngokurherhwa sikotlelo seLimpopo ngesithembiso sendlovu kanye ne-ivoru esarherha abantu besitjhaba samaZhizo. Begodu ubufakazi be-archaeology butjengise bona izulu lalingezelelekile ngeskhatheso, ekwenza bona zelimo ziphile.
Ubufakazi Bezelimo
Sele kuphelele, isiko leK2 gade kungelokulima ngokutjala kunabantu bomhlobo wamaZhizo, esiqongolweni sayo iK2 gade kulikhaya labantu abama-1500, begodu gade lihlukaniswe ngamadorobha azombeleze ikhaya elisesenta. Kungenzeka bona gade libuswa yikosi enamandla, eneenduna namakhosana egade bayisebenzela.
Abantu behloko dorobha yeK2, gade basabalalele endaweni ema-hectare amahlanu begodu inani lezindlu ezincani latlanywa endaweni leya yoke. Ngokuhlukileko nabantu besitjhaba samaZhizo nanyana kunjalo, iindawo zesigoda esisendaweni engaphandezi bezisehlabathini esenarheni ethabaleleko evundileko yeLimpopo. Kunobufakazi bokobanyana abantu besitjhaba se-K2 gade babalimi.
Gade batjale amabele, iimbhontjisi, imigade kanye namakhabe, begodu gade bafuye izimvu, iimbuzi kanye neenkomo. Kungenzeka kobana gade babazumi godu ukwenzela ukungezelela ukudla kwabo. Kuqatjangwa godu bona abahlali beK2 gade bahleleke ngokuzombeleza isibaya esiphakathi seenkomo, nekuyiphetheni ya-Bantu bakade behlalo ye-iron-age egade yenzeka e-Afrika yoke.
Ukuyibeka ngobulula, ihlalo labo lalivamise kobana libonwe ngokobana kubenesibaya senkomo esisesenta bese kube nezindlu zotjani ezisizombelezileko. Ukubeka iinkomo esenteni yesigoga gade kuliphawu. Lokobana ikomo iqakatheke kangangani emphakathini le. Iiinkomo bezisetjenziselwa ukubhadala ihlawulo, ukulobola, ukuqeda ukungezwani, nokuhlonipha ikosi. Nokobana indoda inamandla angangani kwakubonwa ngenani leenkomo enazo.
Ukubulungwa kweK2
EK2 isibaya esisesentha sibufakazi bensalela zobulongwe, nensalela zezindlu esizombelezileko. Izindlwezi zeK2 kuqatjangwa bona gade zirondo, zinamaboda enziwe ngomvango wedaka nobulongwe. Ifluri gade kuyidaka bese amasenke indlwezo zifulelwe ngotjani. Lo kwakumsebenzi owenziwa bafazi, kwatholwa amaliba anagadlula ayi-90 endaweni egade ihlala abafazi leyo. Amadoda endimeni yawo, gade abulungwe eduze nanyana esbayeni ngephozitjhini yokulala iinhloko zawo ziqale epumalanga.
Ukubulungwa kwabantu besitjhaba seK2 kwakufana. Imizimba yabo gade ibulungwe ngendlela yokulala iinhloko zabo ziqale epumalanga lapha ilanga liphuma khona. Abafazi batholwe baphumule ehlangothini lesincele, lokha amadoda esehlangothini lokudla. Kutholwe namathambo wenlwana ezingakajwayeleki kanye nobumba ebuphukileko, kuqatjangwa bona zikhambelana nokomoya. Ihlako labantu besitjhaba seK2 gade lihlukaniswe ngokuya kobujamo obuphathele nokuhlalisana kwabantu.
Abantu abakatjhadi bebahlala bodwa phambili komakhiwo bese kuthi abadosi phambili abanamandla bahlala ehlokweni yesibaya, kude kunabahali abajwayelekileko.Lokha ihlalo, likhulako ubujamo obuphathelene nokuhlalisana nabantwelo labonakala khulu.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana