Ikhaya lamaZulu Lamasiko

© Dr Peter Magubane

Indlela Ikhaya Gade Lakheke Ngayo

Kuze kube mhlapha, umuzi gade ubonakala ngokobana ube nonumzane, onabafazi kanye nabentwana,abafowabo abancani kunaye nabafazi babo kanye nemindeni, begodu esikhathini esinengi, kade kuba nanamadodana athetheko.

Njeke nasele iinkhathi zitjhuguluka abantu sebaphila isidorobha, umuzi uyangokuya uba mncani, eskhathini esinengi unendoda yinye kanye nomfazayo (nanyana abafazi) nabentwana. Ngokwesiko, ikhaya elikhulu gade liletha umnotho, lapha ipilo epheleleko gade ingaphilwa khona. Umuzi ngamunye gade unenkomo kanye nebisi, amasimu wawo lapha isphila kanye nemirorho gade zitjalwa khona ukuabalalisa iintlhogeko zabahlali bekhaya.

Imakhiwo yomuzi gade ifana koke emphakathini wamaZulu begodu itjengisa ubujamo babafazi abahlukahlukeneko, Ubujamo babafazi babantu abajwayelekileko nanyana abangasiyilitho gade wakhiwe ngendlela abafazi abalandelana ngayo endodeni, umfazi wokuthoma, nakumfazi wekosi (inkosikazi) kanye nekosi namanye amakhosi aqakathekileko, umfazi omkhulu, ekhabe kungasinguye umfazi wokuthoma, gade akhethwa bayelelisi bekosi ngemva kokobana ikosi sele ikhulile sele imbatha isiqoqo ekulidzilamnwana lehloko.

Umuzi gade urondo begodu gade wakhe endaweni eyehlelako uqale epumalanga nange kurhonakala, omehlelo oqaele ngemva ukwenzela bona ikosi nanyana indlu yayo ibe phezulu irhone ukubona yoke imizi. Esentha gade kunesibaya lapha iinkomo gade zilala khona ebusuku kuthi isiphila sona sibekwe emgodini. Isibaya sona gade sivamise ukwakhiwa ngengodo begodu nange imithi ingekho gade sakhiwa ngamatje. Isibaya enkomo gade sifananiswa nendawo eqwengileko; gade begodu eendaweni ezinengi ezisemakhaya kusesenjalo gade kuyindawo lapha kuhlunjanwa khona bona imimoya yabaleleko ikhamba khamba khona nekukulapha bathandaza khona.

Lapha kwenzelwa khona imihlatjelo, kuthokozwe khona iimbusiso ezitholwako. Kade, abafazi gade bangakavunyelwa kobana bangene esibayeni, begodu akunamfazi egade kungasingewemndenini, ekhabe avunyelwe kobana angene esibayeni, ngaphandle kwenkhathi ezingakajwayeleki.

Nanyana kunjalo ngeminyaka yabo-20th century, ukobana amadoda gade akhamba ayokufuna umsebenzi, abomma bakateleleka kobana batlhogomele ifuyo yamadodabo. Ngokwesiko izindlu ngazinye gade zakhiwe hlangana nefensi yesibaya senkomo kanye nefensi yangaphandle ebizwa bona yithango lomuzi, zizonjelezwe madorofiya anamanyeva amade egade atjalelwe ukuqotha amasela.

Umuzi Wekosi

Umfazi wekosi (gade ahlala endlunkulu) ephezulu lapha bahlala khona eduze kwesango elikhulu. Indodanakhe edala, nasemiphakathini esenza amasiko kusese njalo, gade iyindlalifa begodu ithatha intambo zokubusa ngemva kwakayise, begodu gade athatha ubujamo obuqakathekileko kwezekolo yamaZulu. Ngesandleni sokudla lapha esangweni elikhulu lomui, eduze kwalapha kuhlala khona ikosi, gade kunomfazi wesandleni sokudla (iqadi) ogade adlala indima yokujamiselela umfazi wekosi.

Munye womsebenzi wakhe kwakukubelethela ikosi indlalifa nange umfazi wekosi abhalelwa. Esandleni sesincele gade kunomfazi wesandla sesincele, ogade athatha ubujamo besibili emzini. Lokha nakuyikosi, umfazi wesandla sesincele gade esikhathini esinengi kumfazi amthatha kokuthoma. Yena, kanye nabanye abafazi bekosi egade bayincenye yekhaya (amabibi) gade bazijamele emzini wekosi.

Zehlalakuhle

©Dr Peter Magubane

Umuzi wesintu gade ulandela iindlela kanye nemithetho eqinileko. Nanyana indoda gade inabafazi abanengi, gade ungezwa bona kuyaliwa nanyana kuyamonakaliselwana, ngebanga lokobana abafazi gade bazijamele. Umfazi ngamunye gade inendlwakhe, amasimu kanye nenkomo zakhe ekhabe aphiwe zona kobana azisebenzise.

Woke amalunga womuzi gade anendawawo, kanye nomsebenzawo, kodwana ubujamo babo gade butjhuguluka lokha nabakhulako. Umakoti ekuthomeni ngokulawulwa ngumamazala wakhe, kade atjhuguluka abe ngumma naye, abe ngugogo, ekugcineni abe mumuntu omdala ohlonitjhwako emphakathini. Umsana ekuthomeni gade alusa iimbuzi,kanye nenkomo.

Ngemva kwalokho athath ubujamo bokuba yindoda encani,nanyana isokana, kuze kwafika iskhathi lapha kwaqedwa khona ubukhosi bamaZulu ngeminyaka yabo-1879, yemisebenzi yamabutho. Ngemva kokwenza imisebenzakhe, iminyaka, gade avunyelwa khobana abeyindoda yomuntu kanye nobaba. Woke umuntu gade adlula iingaba ezihlukahlukeneko ezitjhwayiweko, ebengeze adlula ngitjho nasinye angakazzilungiseleli nangokobana enzelwe umnyanya.

Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana