Iinyosi kanye Nokupholunethiwa

©Marinda Louw
Iinyosi zidume ngeliju lazo (kane neminye imikhiqizo) eziyikhiqizako. Kodwana sele an abantu babafundise ngezinto eziqakathekileko ezizenzako njengokupholuneyitha iintjalo. Igugu lenyosi njengabapholuneyithi ungadisela igugu lazo njengabakhiqizi beliju.
ESewula Africa, ezinye iintjalo zithembele eenyosini ukobana zipholineyithe iintjalo ukuze zirhone ukupholineyitha iinthelo. Ekubalwa iin-strawberry, ama-blueberry, kanye nentjalo zamafutha ezifana ne-sunflower, kanye namantongomani we-almond ne-macadamia. Iintjalo ezifana namapremu, amapuyeri kanye nama-apula zitlhoga ukupholunethiwa ukuze zirhone ukukhiqiza iintjalo.

Iinyosi vs Abalimi Beentjalo

©Louise Brodie
Ukukhulumisana hlangana nabafuyi beenyosi kanye nabalimi beentjalo ngeensetjenziswa zokupholuneyitha ziyahluka ukusukela ebanikazini bendawo ukuya emhlobeni weentjalo, kutjho u-Dr Tlou Masehela wehlangano ye-South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Eentjalweni ezimalamula kanye neze-canola lapha kutlhogeka khona i-pollunation, abafuyi beenyosi abababhadalisi abatjali, kodwana abalimi bangatlhoga isibonelelo esibuya ebafuyini benyosi esifana neliju.
Eentjalweni ezithembele ekupholunethiweni, ezifana nama-apula, namaprfeyimu, abalimi babhadala abafuyi beenyosi. Lapha kuneentjalo ezivangiweko kanye neentjalo zemvelo, abafuyi beenyosi bangaphana izipho.
Kufanele kube nesivumelwano (ikontraga) nanyana singabikhona, kodwana esikhathini esinengi lokha nakubhadalwako ukuwenza i-pollination kuba negontraga hlangana kwabafuyi beenyosi kanye nabatjali.

Iindleko Zokupholineyitha

Ukudla kwemvelo kweenyosi esolokho kuphunguka eSewula Africa kuphungula ukukhiqizwa kweliju kuze kufike ku-10 - 12 kg qobe mnyaka. Lokhu kuncani khulu nakumadaniswa nomkhiqizo okhiqizwa e-USA (30 kg/ngonyaka) kanye ne-Australia - (50 kg/ngonyaka). Ukungezelela, ilijju eSewula Africa lithengiswa ngemali ephasi begodu ligandelelwa nangelelo elingeniswa enarheni le, libuya eenrhani zangaphandle elibiza (R50/kg (2017). Godu imali elibizwa yona le, iphasi nayimadaniswa naleyo ye-USA e-(R75/kg) kanye ne-R75/kg.
Umkhiqizo ophasi kanye nentengo yeliju ingezelela ukuqakatheka kwendleko zokupholunethiwa ebafuyini benyosi eSewula Africa.
Irhubhululo elenziwe ngu-Mike Allsopp wehlangano ye-Agricultural Research Council (ARC) kanye no-Dr Masehela in 2017, ujtlhadlula bona intengo yokupholunethiwa iya ngokubana kunetlhogeko yakho engangani.
E-America iintjalo ezihluma etwasahlobo ezifana nama-blueberry kanye nama-almond ziphalisana ngokupholinethiwa, ukungezelela inani lokupholunethiya. Irhubhululo litjengisa bona eminyakeni embalwa ezako inani lokupholunethiya ama-almond lingezeleleke ukusuka ku-$35 ukuya ku- $180 qobe imhlambi. Iintjalo ezihluma lada. (Isibonelo, ama-apula) zingaba nemihlambi eminengi yeenyosi etholakala ngenani eliphasi lokupholunethiwa.

Intengo Yokupholunethiya

©Forest and Kim Starr
ESewula Africa kunemali ephakanyisiweko yoku-pollinator. Indlekwezi zimhlahlandlela kodwana ayithatha bafuyi beenyosi boke, okuya ngesitjalo. Ezinye iintjalo zibangela ukugandeleleka ngokomkhumbulo eenyosini ezifana nama-berry, imigade, amantongomani we-macadamia kanye nama-litchi abanye abafuyi beenyosi bangabiza imali engezelelweko ukupholinethiya iintjalwezi.
Iindleko zokupholineyitha zibalwa nge-formula ngokuhlanganisa iindleko zokufuya iinyosi ezifana nokuthuthwa kwazo, iswigiri kanye nokuzisebenza
Imali ephakanyiswako yokupholunethiwa ngonyaka ka-2018 bekuyi-R802 i-unit yinye. I-unit yokupholinethiwa yinslu yinye amalanga angaphezu kwayi-21. Isenzo lesi sibizwa bona yi-pollination wave. Ngemva kweskhathesi, abafuyi beenyosi bangabiza imali efanako nanyana bayikhuphule ngemva kokukhulumisana nabalimi.

Translated by Lizzy Shongwe