Umsebenti wa Desmond Tutu Ngaphandle kwe Ningizimu Afrika

Kuchubeka ngeKufundzisa

©Eric Miller

Desmond bakavele afuna kuba ngudokotela, kepha watsi nakahluleka kutfola kwekumbhadalela esikolweni setebudokotela wabese ucolela kuchubeka ngemsebenti wekufundzisa. Wacala emalungiselelo eKolishi le Bantu nga 1951. Watsi aselapho wangenela tindzaba tebafundzi, asita ngekucala Indzawo Yekudlala neKufundza, charing kanye Nekuphikisana kweMmango kanye nekunika umcebo kuLabamelele Bafundzi be Khansela.

Waphindze watsatsa tifundvo letisihlanu letihambisanako ku Nyuvesi yase Ningizimu Afrika. Nga 1954 waphotfula ngeDiploma yakhe yebuThishela kwatsi nga 1955 watfola iDegree ku Bachelor ye Arts. Nga 1955 nawo kwabangumnyaka wa Tutu wekucala umsebenti wakhe njengathishela esikolweni semfundvo lephakeme lapho atfola kwatiwa kwekucala ku Mfundvo ye Bantuleyafakwa nga 1953.

Ngaphansi kwe Sento, bafundzi labamnyama bebabekelwe imfundvo letsite, leyayikadze ikalela likusasa labo. Tutu kwametfusa loko wavele washiya kufundzisa ngekubhikisha.

Kufundza ngeteNkholo

Nga 1958 Tutu wafundza eSt Peter’s Theological College lapho khona afundzela Telibhayibheli, te Anglican ne Maciniso eNkholo. Watfola lwati ngekuba ngulohlakaniphile abe agcina indlela yekubangulongakahlakaniphi kunalabanye. Liphepha lakhe letenkholo kanye ne Islam lawina umklomelo wekucala webu archbishop wemnyaka. Noma nje umsindvo wetepolitiki wawukhula eNingizimu Afrika njenge mzabalazo wekuvala lubandlululo, Tutu wasala anjalo angasuye umpolitiki.

Watfola liphepha lemvumo lekuba ne degree ku teNkholo futsi wabekwa waba ngumfundisi nga 1960. Nga 1962 Tutu wasuka waya eUnited Kingdom wayochubekisela kufundza kwakhe kwe tenkholo eKing’s College eLondon. Lesikhatsi Tutu lasicitsa eLondon samuvumela kutsi atfole kukhululeka ekucindzetelweni labekubona ekhaya kulive lakubo futsi abekhululekile ekuboneni letinye tintfo letifana ne cricket, intfo lakhula ayitsandza.

Wacedzela sikhatsi sakhe lapho nge maHonours eBachelor eDivinity kanye ne Master ku degree ye Tenkholo, kubuka kwakhe kwakuku Islam lese Western Afrika. Tutu washiya eUnited Kingdom nga 1966 weta eNingizimu Afrika. Ngaphambi abuye ekhaya wavakashela eParis, eRome kwatsi ekugcineni waya eEast Jerusalem lapho acitsa tinyanga letimbili afundza nge Hebrew ne Arabic. Lana wamangala ngekungavani kwebantfu bema Jewish nema Arab lakafike wakutfola.

Kwetfulwa ku Nkholo Yalabamnyama

©Eric Miller

Nga 1967, emuva eNingizimu Afrika, Tutu wahlupheka ngekwehlisa kusigodzi lesasishisa ngekususa kanye nemitsetfo yemapasi. Nomakwakunjalo, wachubeka nemsebenti wakhe wekufundzisa kanye nekwetama kutfola indlela yekuphucula iNingizimu Afrika.

Wafundzisa eFederal Theological Seminary (Fedsem) eAlice lese Eastern Cape ngaphambi asuke ayosebenta ku Nyuvesi yase Botswana, eLesetho nase Swaziland (UBLS) nga 1970. Watsi asahlala eLesetho wasebenta njengemhloli wangephandle we Fedsem ne Rhodes University wase ungenela libhodi lebaphatsi beliTiko le Ecumenical eLesetho.

Kungalapho futsi lapho etfulwa khona Kumfundvo Yetenkholo yalaBamnyama waphindze wagcugcuteleka kukuhlanganisa ne Nkholo yase Afrika kwentela kungenela kuluhlelo lwase Ningizimu Afrika lelapho khona bekatiwa khona kakhulu.

Kusebentela iTEF

Nga 1972 Tutu wabuyela emuva eNgilandi wayosebenta. Wakhetfwa waba Ngumphatsi weLitiko le Afrika esikhundleni se Theological Education Fund (TEF).

Lesisigaba simuvumela kutsi ahambe aye kumave Esitsatfu Mhlabawonkhe, lokufaka lamaningi eAfrika. Wabhala ngelwati lwakhe alapho, abala umonakalo noma kungcola kanye nendlala yase Zaire, kuhlanganga kweMakhowa-emaMuslim eNigeria, hulumende wase Kenya lochazako ngaphansi kwa Jomo Kenyatta kanjalo nekukhula kwema Ugandan Asians ngaphansi kwa Idi Amin.

Tutu wasebentela iTheological Education Fund iminyaka lemitsatfu ngaphambi abuyele eNingizimu Afrika nga 1975. Wakhetfwa njenga Dean we St. Mary’s Cathedral eGoli, ngekuba ngu Dean wase Afrika wekucala lomnyama. Waphindze wasebenta njenga Bishop wase Lesotho kusuka nga 1976 kuya ku 1978 ngesikhatsi aba nguMabhalane Jikelele wekucala lomnyama we Khansela Yemasontfo ase Ningizimu Afrika.

Kungenela kwaNgaphandle

©Roger de la Harpe

Desmond Tutu ukhunjulwa ngekufaka kwakhe sandlla nakulwelwa inkhululeko eNingizimu Afrika, kepha abetsintseka ngalokujulile etindzabeni tangaphandle letifaka lolokulandzelako: Nga 1987 waniketa inkhulumo yemagama lacondzile kuwowonkhe Umhlangano Wemasontfo ase Afrika (All Africa Conference of Churches - AACC) eTogo lapho khona akhuluma ngesimo lesibi sekucindzeteleka eAfrika, kucela emasontfo kutsi alekelele lapho lakhona khona.

Kwatsi muva wakhetfwa waba ngumengameli we AACC. Nga 1988 Tutu wakhuluma kumhlangano we Lambeth acela kuhlambululwe lokungavani ku Northern Ireland.

Nga 1989 wavakashela eZaire (lenyalo kuyi Democratic Republic yase Congo) kwentela kukhutsata emasontfo kutsi atikhweshise kutintfo tahulumende. Nga 1989 waphindze wakhuluma ekucabaneni kwe Israel-Palestinian abeka lokungiko kwahulumende wase Israel kundzawo yakhe kanye nekugadzeka kutsi ingahlaselwa ngulabo labanganaki emalungulo abo laphilako. Wadvweba emalayini emkhatsini walesimo kanye nelubandlululo lwase Ningizimu Afrika.

Wavakashela eLiberia nga 1994 asemkhankasweni wekucala lokusamlilwana esikhundleni se AACC. Nga 1995 watfunyelwa eNigeria ngu Nelson Mandela kuyocela kukhululwa kwe tiboshwa tepolitiki kwatsi muva kulowomnyaka wavakashela eRwanda ngemuva kwekushumayela aphindze acele umtsetfo.

Translated by Phindile Malotana