Amakhosi Endawo
Namuhla isiTswana singahlukana sibe yizikhulu eziningi ezikhona endaweni yangakini (nakuba zihambisana nemithetho yaseBotswana noma eNingizimu Afrika), ubukhulu bayo buhluka kusukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya ezinkulungwaneni zezinkulungwane, ezinkulu ezinjengezizwe eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko zeBotswana.
Ngamunye ulawula izindaba zayo ngaphansi kwenkosi (inkosi), kodwa kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezizwe eBotswana naseNingizimu Afrika. I-Tswana eNingizimu Afrika ngaphambilini yawela ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwezwe laseBuphuthatswana Bantustan.
Isizwe ngasinye sinendawo yaso kanye negama layo, ngokuvamile lokhu kutholakala kunkosikazi esedlule noma umsunguli wesigodlo sokubusa, ngezinye izikhathi esivela ku-totem yomndeni wasebukhosini, indawo yesigodlo sangaphambili, noma isenzakalo esingokomlando.
Isizwe ngasinye sinemvelaphi ehlangene, okusho ukuthi amalungu esizwe esisodwa angase ahluke kumanye amasiko namasiko. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu lapho abantu abafakwe esizweni bekhetha ukuhlala behluke, besebenzisa umehluko njengophawu. Izizwe zase-Tswana azikho, futhi akukaze kube, ivaliwe, ngamalungu ahleliwe.
Ziyizinhlangano zabantu abangase babe ngamalungu ngokuzalwa, ukubambelela, ukunqoba noma ukuzibandakanya ngokuzithandela. Amalungu angaxoshwa yinhloko, noma ashiye ngokuzithandela ukuba ajoyine esinye isizwe.
Namuhla, abaningi base-Tswana emadolobheni afana neGoli abahlanganyeli ngokwabo nanoma yiluphi uhlanga, nakuba bonke bebona ukubambisana ne totem futhi ngaleyo ndlela baqaphele ubudlelwane bobulili kwabanye ababelana nge-totem. Inqubo efanayo yokuhlanganiswa kulokho lapho izizwe zakhiwa khona, nakuba kukhulu kakhulu, zakha ukuthi yiliphi namuhla iBotswana.
Amaqembu ayo ahlanganiswa abe munye ngenxa yokungenelela kwamakholoni okwakhiwa i-Bechuanaland evikelayo kamuva eyathola ukuzimela njengeBotswana.
Ukuzama ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Tswana ngaphakathi eNingizimu Afrika kwakha inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ehlobene nokudalulwa kukahulumeni wobandlululo iBophuthatswana Bantustan, inhlangano ediliziwe ngaphansi kwesimiso sokubandlulula ubandlululo. Izikhulu zase-Tswana eziqaphela uhlelo lobubandlululo ziyaqhubeka zithi isimo kanye nelungelo lokubusa abantu bazo.
Izithakazelo
Izithakazelo, ukuhlonishwa kwesilwane, isitshalo noma into, sekuyisikhathi eside isici esibalulekile somphakathi waseSwazini. Umuntu ngamunye uhlobanisa i-totem, futhi bonke abathintekayo nge-totem kuthiwa bahlobene komunye nomunye, ngokujwayelekile bathatha i-totem kayise, nobaba kayise. Abantu abane-totem efanayo bathi bangakwazi ukulandelana ubuhlobo babo bomndeni.
Inhlangano ye-Totemic isiye yaqeda ubulungu bezinhlanga. Amalungu esizwe esisodwa akakaze ahlotshaniswe ne-totem eyodwa, futhi labo abahlanganiswe ne-totem akudingeki ukuba babe amalungu esizwe esisodwa. Isibonelo, i-Ngwaketse ibilokhu ihlotshaniswa namatemu angama-22 ahlukene ngisho noma amalungu omndeni omkhulu ahlanganyela i-totem eyodwa.
Izinkolelo eziningi zezinyosi zesiTswana, ukubalwa ukuthi i-totem ngayinye yamukelwa kanjani. Amakhodi wokuziphatha ahlelwe eduze nalezi zindaba, futhi ukwehluleka ukuwagcina kudinga ukuthi umenzi wobubi enze umkhosi wokuhlanza ukuvimbela ukugula noma ezinye izinhlekelele.
Translated by Nsika Khoza