iMihlangano Esemfihlakalweni
Ngelixesha eseluvalelweni uNelson Mandela kwafuneka okokuba oyise ingaki ngaphakathi kwakhe, phambi kokuba aqhubeke nengxoxo norhulumente wengcinezelo; kwanyanzeleka okokuba afumane inkxaso yabo wayebanjwe nabo ukwenza intetha norhulumente, kwaye zaziliqela ezazisele ziceliwe.
Kwakunyanzelekile aqondisise nenkokheli zaselu bhacweni okokuba okuwayekuceba wonke ubani wazayekuxhamla kuko. Intetha ntethwano zaqala ke kakuhle kukhona ukuxhalaba okuncinci nenkokheli zika rhulumente besoyika ke okokuba kungekho umntu onokuba bhukuqa. Kodwa okumangalisayo, nangona kwakukho abamanye amazwe kunye nentatheli ezihloniphiweyo ezazifuna indaba kono ndaba beli, ezingxoxo zabucala, zahlala zisemfihlakalweni.
Naxa uMandela wayekhululwa eluvalelweni ngo februwari ka 1990, ezimfihlo zahlala zigcinakele. Kodwa intetha ezingekho semfihlakelweni zaqala. Wangena kwingxoxo zoxolo, kungekudala wawuchitha umthetho we ANC we “mfazwe enezixhobo” eyayi senziwa ngabombutho abaxhobileyo, uMkhonto Wesizwe (MK ) wayewuseke ngo1961. Wakhawuleza ukugxekwa ngabalandeli bakhe ababe nobujoni namalungu emibutho elwela inkululeko, kodwa wanyamezela.
Indoda engu Mmangaliso
Ngelixesha ingxoxo ziqalisa ukufumana udumo, waqalisa ukuthemba uMongameli uDe Klerk, lowo ke wambiza ngokuba uyi “Ndoda engu Mmangaliso”. Ukujonga mva ukususela emva kwexesha emveni konyulo, kuyacaca okokuba lo wayesakuba libanjwa uMandela, owayezibona njenge ndoda enesidima efuna ubudlelwane benene nabo yayisakuba ngabacinezeli bakhe, wambona uDe Klerk ngeliso elinye okokuba naye wayefuna okokuba ilizwe lizinze nekamva eliqaqambileyo lwenkululeko kweli lizwe.
eKupheleni kuka 1990 ndabane thuba lokubhekisa isimemo esisuka kumzimba wababhali nabashicileli, iInternational Press instititute, okokuba enze intetha kwingqngquthela ka wonke wonke eTokyo, eJapan, kwinyanga ka May olandelayo. Akazange asamkele esisimemo de abaphambili kumbutho basivume esisicelo, ngoko ke kwakukho imihlangano emininzi phakathi kwam naye. Kwenye yezi ntetha sathetha ngo De Klerk ngeyona ndlela inyanisekileyo – Ingakumbi indoda ekhokhele umzabalazo, ngokunjalo iingxoxo. “Kumele siyincede landoda,” watsho. “Unengxaki ezininzi kumbutho wakhe".
Le ke yayingeyo nguqu yobundlobongela, kodwa indoda yoburhulumente owakubona ukubaluleka kokuba uDe Klerk aqhubeke ukuphatha nolawulo lwe National Party yakhe, ingakumbi amadoda ayo anobundlobongela kwaye okokuba bamsusa kwakuzophelisa iingxoxo idale iingxaba ngxwaba. Wakholelwa okokuba uDe Klerk wayenengxaki kumbutho wakhe namalungu awayecinga okokuba ingxoxo ziza kudala uthontywa kwabantu.
Ukophuka ko Kholo
Kwakumva apho Umongameli uMandela walulahla ukholo ku De Klerk. Xa kwathi kwenyulwa ibhodi entsha yabaphathi bezosasazo luka rhulumente, iSouth African Broadcasting Corporation, yona ke eyayilawulwa kakhulu ngurhumente we National Party.
Kwisithuba senyanga ngonyaka ka 1992 no 1993 umkhankaso wezo sasazo zabucala (Ngoku edityaniswe neminye imibutho eyenza iFreedom of Expression Institute) bawususa lomzi wosasazo kulawulo luka rhulumente ngokuyinyanzela okokuba ivumelane okokuba ibhodi entsha ezimeleyo ityunjwe ngendlela ebandakanya udliwano ndlebe noluntu kubatyunjwa phambi kwabo bakhethayo.
Abo bakhethayo kwakufanele bakhethe amagama angamashumi amabini anesihlanu (25) lawo ke awayeza khuthunyelwa ku De Klerk, emveni koko kumongameli, ukuze babengamalungu ebhodi yosasazo. Eyonanto yayibalasele kwisivumelwano phakathi kwe CIB norhulumente yayi sesinye isivumelwano phakathi kuka Nelson Mandela no De Klerk okokuba uDe Klerk uzakuba nelungelo lokuzisa ngaphambili amagama angawavumiyo abuyele kubakhethi baphinde wabajongisise, kodwa phambi koko uyakuqale athethe noMandela ngalomba bazame ukuwuso mbulula kuqala.
uDe Klerk ngenene wabuyisa amagama asixhenxe kubakhethi, kodwa de wagqwesa ebizela abakhethi kwimihlangano ephikisana nabo. Zange axoxe oku no Mandela kuqala, owathi wakubona oku njengokuphulwa kokholo. Oku ke kwenza lo wayeli banja ka Mandela ahlasele uDe Klerk, ingakumbi kumsitho eIndependance Hall ePhiladelphia eMelika apho bobabini bafumana imbasa iLiberty kumongameli uBill Clinton ngosuku lokuzalwa lwe Melika July, 4, ngonyaka ka 1993.
Ukungavumelani ngezo Politiko
Nangona uMongameli uMandela wayekholelwa okokuba uDe Klerk waye zazi izicwangciso zokunyelisa umbutho we ANC okanye zange enzento ukubanqanda, wagqiba okokuba ngegama lokugcina ubumbano jikelele nokugcina uxolo elizweni ukuze kubekwe ungavisisani ngemva kwakhe.
Ubudlelwane babo ngaphezulu babu nobubele kwaye babethetha, nangona kwakukho ukunga visisani ngezopolitiko phakathi kwabo. uMongameli uMandela ubuyela eRobben Island ngamaxesha athile abonakalise imeko ezathi zanyamezelwa nguye nabo wayesebenza nabo ngexesha elide beseluvalelweni.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie
Wonke ubani uyathetha ngonyulo lonyaka ka1994 olwatshintsha uMzantsi Afrika kwilizwe elinobuhlanga, neli lawulwa ngegqudu....