Ndidinga Ntoni Ukuze Ndiqale Ukugcina Iinyosi?

Funda Ngokugcina Iinyosi

©The Animal and Plant Health Agency, Crown Copyright
Moving hives is hard work. Attend a beekeeping course or work with a mentor to learn about beekeeping.
Unintsi lwabagcini nyosi abasakhasayo lubukeka iividiyo eziku YouTube. Unintsi lwezi video lufotelwe eMelika kunye nase Europe. Iinyosi zase Mzantsi Afrika zohlukile nje kancinci; zikhohlakele ngakumbi. Kungakho iziphumo ezibi xa unokutyiwa zizo, ingakumbi ukuba igazi lakho alidibani nazo, kutsho uShirley Downie wenkampani iBeeware. Ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba wenze isifundo ngokugcinwa kweenyosi wenze nophando olundinzi ngabagcini nyosi abasele bephumelele. Ucele noncedo lwabaqeqeshi.
Funda kabanzi ngokugcinwa kwenyosi ngokuthi ufunde okanye ubhalisele izifundo zethutyana ngokugcinwa kweenyosi. Ukusebenza nomqeqeshi owazi banzi kungakufundisa lukhulu ngamaqhinga okukhathalela nokuphatha iinyosi. eMzantsi Afrika, ‘Incwadi Eluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka’ (“Beekeeping in South Africa” by Johannesmeier et.al.) ibonwa njengeyona ncwadi ibalaseleyo ngolwazi lokugcina iinyosi.
Izihloko kwizifundo zethutyana zogcino lwenyosi ziquka ulwazi ngeenyosi, indawo ezihlala kuzo, ukuphatha itsili, ukuzala kwekumkanikazi kunye nokuphakula ubusi. Esi sifundo sizakucacisa nendlela yokukhetha indidi nokuseka itsili; izixhobo ezidingekayo zokugcina iinyosi, indlela yokuphakula ubusi nokulilungisa kwakunye nokufudusa okanye uqokelele amabubu eenyosi.

Ungalibeka Phi Itsili?

©Marinda Louw
Bee hives should be place away from animals and humans and close to natural forage.
Ukuba uhlala edolophini, qonda kumasipala wakho ukuba kuvumelekile na ukugcina iinyosi edolophini. Ukuba kunjalo, gcina amatsili akho kumgama othe qelele ebantwini nakwizilwanyana kangaka ngama 50m ubuncincane. Ezilalini, gcina amatsili kude le neenkukhu kunye namahashi. Iinyosi aziwathandi amavumba ezi zilwanyana.
Isiza esigcine iinyosi sibizwa nge apiary. Iapiary kudingeka ukuba ifikeleleke, ikhuseke, yome kwaye ingene ilanga kwaye ingabikwindawo eneqabaka. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka ikwazi ukunika amanzi nokutya kwiinyosi zobusi. Ukutya namanzi kufuneka angabingapha kwe needs to be 3 - 5 km kwindawo enenyosi. Nangona ezinye iindawo zisenokuba nokutya okwanele iinyosi ezimbalwa, oku kutya kusenokungoneli ukuxhasa ezinyosi ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukufudusa iinyosi uzise kwiizityalo ezifanelekileyo xa sele zidubula. Oku kusebenza njenge pollination service yexabiso (ebhatalelweyo) kumafama.
Umgcini nyosi yena uzuza ubusi obongezelelekileyo. Cela imvume kumnini mhlaba ngaphambi kokubeka amatsili akho kumhlaba wakhe. Umbutho wogcino nyosi iSouth African Bee Industry Organisation (SABIO) umela abagcini nyosi abase Mzantsi Afrika kwaye ucebisa ukuba bonke abagcini nyosi babhalise amatsili abo kwi Sebe le Zolimo, Amahlathi kunye neeNtlanzi (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF).

Ungalifumana Phi Ibubu leeNyosi Kunye neTsili

©Marinda Louw
When trapping a new swarm, place your trap box high up and away from possible predators.
Ukuqala ukugcina iinyosi, udinga ibubu/Ikoloni yeenyosi kunye nendawo yokuzigcina. Zininzi iindlela zokufumana ikoloni yeenyosi:
Ungathenga ibubu kumgcini nyosi osele ephumelele.

Ungathiyela ibubu elitsha ( onokulifumana endle) ukuthiyela kulula entwasahlobo.

Ungafudusela ibubu esele likhona ulifake kwindawo/ itsili lakho olenzileyo. Kodwa ke, oku kudinga isakhono esithile. Ungaloba ikoloni yeenyosi ngokuqaba ubusi emazantsi etsili, usebenzisa isilobi sebubu esifumaneka ezivenkileni. Usenokukhuhla ne lemongrass emazantsi etsili ngaphakathi.
Iinyosi zingahlala nakweyipha na indawo engumngxuma efana nomqolomba, imingxuma esemithini okanye kwiibokisi zamaplanga. Ukugcina ikoloni yeenyosi uzakudinga itsili. Usenokulithenga ke kwinkampani eshishina ngezixhobo zeenyosi. Aliqela amashishini ezixhobo zeenyosi, kodwa kufuneka ubani aqaphele xa ethenga kuba amanye amatsili awakho semgangathweni.
Elona lixabisa kancinci livamisa ukungabikho semgangathweni. Maxa wambi amafama eenyosi ayawathengisa amatsili asele esetyenzisiwe. Ukuba uthenge esele lisebenzile, kufuneka uqiniseke ngokulicoca ngesibulali ntsholongwane nezifo, ukuthintela ukosuleleka kweenyosi zakho. Amatsili asele esebenzile angasetyenziswa ukuthiyela ibubu elitsha leenyosi.

Izixhobo Zokugcina Iinyosi

©Chris Daly
Njengayo nayiphi na into yokuchitha isiyalu okanye umsebenzi, udinga izixhobo ezilungileyo zokusebenza ngeekoloni/ibubu leenyosi. Ukuba itsili aliphethwanga ngendlela eyiyo, iinyosi zizakuhamba ziyokukhangela indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuhlala. Kucetyiswa ukuba uthenge i-overall enoziphu kunye nesigqumathelo sokukhusela ubuso bakho kunye nentamo zingatyiwa ziinyosi. Enye into edingekayo ziiglavu zofele okanye zohlobo lwe PVC, kunye nee gaiters ukukhusela amaqatha kunye neebhutsi. Njenge nxalenye yekiti yomgcini nyosi, uzakudinga ismoker, isixhobo setsili kunye nebrashi yenyosi.
Ethubeni xa sele uphakula ubusi, isixhobho sokuthatha amacangca naso sizakudingeka.

Translated by Zizipho Silwana