Iindidi Zokutya Kwebhokhwe

©Marinda Louw

Ukutya kweebhokhwe ngokwesithethe kucalulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu:

I-Roughage – zine zinga eliphezulu lezidlo zefayibha, iphantsi ekucoleni, ayixabisi kakhulu kunezinye izidlo. Ii-roughage zizidlo ezikhulu ezinezinga eliphezulu le fayibha, njengengca, ingca eyomileyo i-hay, i-lucerne, amadlelo, amagqabi, kunye neentshiyekela zezityalo.
Izidlo Ezijolisiweyo – isondlo esikwesisidlo sijolisiwe kunakwii-roughage, kwaye zivame ukuba nexabiso eliphezulu.
Izixhaso (Supplements) – ziquka izakhamzimba okanye ii minerali (minerals), izixhaso zixutywa ngomlinganiselo ophantsi kukutya okungundoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba sonke isondlo esidingekayo siyafumaneka.

Isidlo Esiyi Roughage Seehokhwe

©Arthur Chapman

I-roughage zizo naziphi na iziqholo zezidlo ezinezinga eliphezulu le fayibha (fibre) ecothayo ukucoleka. Eyona roughage ifaneleyo ine fayibha enokuqhekeka njengembewu ye (cottonseed), eyembotyi yesoya, kunye neengqekembe ze (oat), nayiphi na ingca kunye notyani olutsha. (Iipelisi zezidlo zine fayibha, kodwa azinayo i-roughage). Izidlo zengqolowa zinezinga eliphantsi le–roughage kunotyani namadlelo engca, zona zine 100% ze-roughage.
Ibhokhwe ifana nenkomo encinci yobisi, into ecolayo, kwaye kufuneka ifumane i-roughage eyaneleyo kwisidlo sayo, ukwenzele “ibenokucola ukutya”. Ii-roughage kumele zenze isdlo sokuqala kwinkqubo yokutya yebhokhwe. Ngaphandle kwe zicoli, iibhokwe zingafa. Iibhokhwe zobisi zidinga ifayibha ukwenzele zibenendlela yokucola efaneleyo kunye nezinga lefutha ebisini eliqhelekileyo. Ukunqongophalisa umnikelo we fayibha kuzaku phungula ubisi enalo. Ukuba kukho izicoli ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ke kuyenzeka ukuba ezinye iindidi zebhokhwe zingafumana zonke izondlo ezizidingayo kwizicoli, ngaphandle nje kwezinye izakhamzimba kunye nee minerali.
Eyona ndlela ingaxabisi kakhulu yeyokuvelisela izicoli ekhaya, ingakumbi xa amaxabiso okuthutha ephezulu. Uzokonga imiali, kodwa kwakho uzokuqiniseka ngomgangatho nokufumaneka. Futhi, igcina umlinganiselo we-roughage kuvimba (njengengca eyomileyo) ngamxesha embalela. Umzekelo, ungakwazi ukukhulisa amadlelo njengengca ekuthiwa yi Rhodes xakusehlotyeni kwaye utyale i-oats ukuze ukuchebela ixesha lasebusika.
Ezizinto zinika amandla amaninzi, kodwa zinezinga elincinci le-protheyini, ingakumbi xa izityalo zisibandala. I-lucerne, cowpeas, kunye nezinye iil-egume yimithombo elungileyo ye-protheyini ekwizinga eliphezulu.

Izidlo Ezijolisiweyo Zebhokhwe

Izidlo ezijolisiweyo ngumthombo wezondlo ezinokudityaniswa kwisidlo esine-roughage. Ukuba i-roughage ikwizinga eliphezulu kwaye iyanambitheka, kuye kufuneke isidlo esijolisiweyo esincinci kuna xa I-roughage iyeyomgangatho ophantsi okanye inganambitheki. Ibhokhwe ingawonyusa umlinganiselo wayo wesondlo ngokutya i-roughage eninzi nangokusebenzisa uvimba womzimba (amfutha), kodwa xa isilwanyana sivelisa ubisi okanye sikhula, kubalulekile ukuba unikeze ngohlobo lwesidlo esijolisiweyo.
Izidlo ezi jolisiweyo zingohlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini:

Umthombo wamandla – umbona kunye nengqolowa.
Umthombo we protheyini (protein) – Isidlo zentlanzi, isidlo sekhekhe sefutha lembotyi I soya, isidlo sekhekhe sefutha lentyatyambo yelanga (sunflower), isidlo sekhekhe sefutha lentongomane lomhlaba (ground nut), isidlo sekhekhe sefutha le – (cotton seed) etc.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ezizithako ziyaxutywa ukuze zizise izondlo ezidingekayo. Izidlo ezijolisiweyo zixhomile ngexabiso, kengoko kumele ingasetyenziswa kunganyanzelekanga ukuze kongeke imali. Izidlo ezijolisiweyo ngokommo zithengwa kumthengisi wokutya kwezilwanyana, kodwa ingenziwa nasekhaya ngumfama. Kubalulekile ukuba ufumane ingcali yezondlo izokwenzela umxube kwaye kufuneka adibanise izakhamzimba/minerali umxube wokuqala ukuze unikeze izondlo ezibalulekileyo. Kodwa, kuzokuhlala kulula ukuthenga ukutya kobisi okuqhelekileyo kunoku fumana oyixutyelwe ngokukodwa.

Ukutya Okugqibeleleyo Kweebhokhwe

Kuyinto eyenzekayo ukondla iibhokhwe zobisi “ukutya okugqibeleleyo”, apho kuqukwa khona zonke izondlo kumxube omnye: i-rafeyiji (roughage), izidlo ezijolisiweyo, izakhamzimba kunye ne minerali (minerals) zonke zixutywe endaweni enye. Ezizinto zikwabizwa nangokuba zii “Total Mixed Ratios” (TMR). Ukutya okugqibeleleyo kufuneka kunikezwe ngokukhululeka ukuze iibhokhwe zibenokutya kangangokuba zifuna. Ngaphezu koku, iibhokhwe zobisi ezivelisa kakhulu (+4 zelitha zobisi ngosuku) zingadinga amandla ongezelelekileyo.
Ukondla ngokutya okugqibeleleyo kungasisisombululo kumafama akwaziyo ukuyi velisa ngexabiso elingaxhomanga, ingakumbi kumafama angakwaziyo ukuzivelisela i-roughage ngokwabo. Ubunzima nje obunye, ingakumbi ngokunxulumene neebhokhwe, kukuba zingatya izithako ezithile kwi-TMR, ezona ndawo zinencasa. Lento ithetha ukuba zingangasityi isidlo esifaneleyo, okanye zitye i-roughage eninzi futhi zibesemngciphekweni woku fumana i-acidosis. (I Acidosis yenzeka xa ii-ndawo zisitya umbona kakhulu kunezinto ezine fayibha (fibre). Lento ibangela ukuvunda kunye nokuba indawo ivaleke.

Translated by Aviwe Damane