Tinxaka ta Swakudya swa Timbuti

©Marinda Louw

Swakudya swa timbuti swi avanyisiwe hi swiave swinharhu:
Roughage – yitele swakudya swa fibre, ayi gayeleki kahle, yi chipile kutlula swakudya swin’wana. Roughages i swakudya swotala leswingale henhla hi fibre, swofana na byasi, hay, lucerne, madyelo, matluka, na swinsinyani swa swimilani.
Concentrates – swakudya swikona ngopfu eka mpfanganyiso naswona switala ku durha.
Supplements – swikatsa ti vitamin kumbe ti minerals, nsekektelo wukatsiwe hi nhlayo yale hansi xikan’we na swakudya, kutiyisisa leswaku hinkwaswo leswi lavekaka swakumeka.

Roughage ya Timbuti

©Arthur Chapman

Roughage i swakudya leswingale henhla hi fiber leyi gayelekaka kantsongo. Roughage ya kahle yina tinhu to leha ta fibers to fana na cottonseed, soybean na oat hulls, muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wa hay na furu ro tsakama. Swakudya leswingana grain swile hansi hi roughage kutlula furu kumbe madyelo lawa yanga 100% roughage.
Mbuti yifana nyana na xihon’wani xa masi, yina khiri ra tikamara, naswona yifanele kuva na roughage yo ringanela eka swakudya swa yona leswaku swita tshama e khwirini "chew the cud". Roughages yifanele ku vakona eka nongonoko wa swakudya swa timbuti. Loko kungari na roughages, mbuti yita fa. Timbuti ta masi tilava fibre ya kahle leswaku khwiri ritakota kutirha kahle na nhlayo leyi lavekaka ya mafurha ya masi. Kuhunguta ku dya fibre hi mbuti ya xisati swita hunguta kuhumesa masi hi mbuti. Loko kuri na roughage yoringanela ya khwalithi, kutani swakoteka leswaku tinxaka tin’wana ta timbuti tinga kuma swakudya leswi lavekaka eka roughage, ehandle ka tin’wana ti vitamin nati minerali.
Ndlela yo chipa yaku tiendlela roughages ekaya, ngopfu ngopfu loko swofamba swidurha. Uta hlayisa mali, kambe uta tiyisiseriwa khwalithi naku kumeka ka yona. Nakambe, hlayisa swakudya swinwana swa roughages ekusuhi (tani hi hay kumbe silage) kurindzela minkarhi ya dyandza. Xikombiso, unga kota kubyala swimilani swinwana emadyelweni swofana na Rhodes grass eka ximumu naku byala oats kuva yitsemiwa kumbe yi dyiwa hi xixika. Leswi swinyika nhlayo yale henhla ya matimba, kambe swile hansi hiti protein, ngopfu ngopfu loko swimilani swikula. Lucerne, cowpeas nati legumes tin’wana swina mphakelo wa kahle wa ti protein ta khwalithi.

Nkatsakanyo wa Swakudya swa Timbuti

Nkatsakanyo wa swakudya leswitisiwaka swinga katsiwa eka swakudya swa roughage. Loko roughage yiri ya khwalithi yale henhla naswona yi nantsweka kahle, aku nge laveki nkatsakanyo wotala loko roughage yiri ya khwalithi yale hansi kumbe yinga nandzihi. Mbuti yinga tlakusa mphakelo wa swakudya swa yona hiku dya roughage yotala naku tirhisa mafurha lawa yanga hlayisiwa emirini, kambe loko xifuwo xi humesa masi kumbe kukula, swina nkoka kuva xi phameriwa swakudya leswinga pfanganyisiwa kahle.
Mpfanganyiso wunga avanyisiwa hi swiave swimbirhi:

Leswi tisaka energy – mavele na ti grains
Leswi tisaka ti protein - fish meal, soybean oil cake meal, sunflower oilcake meal, groundnut oilcake meal, cottonseed oilcake meal, etc.
Hi xitalo, leswi swikatseriwa kuva switisa ndzinganelo wa swakudya leswi lavekaka. Mpfanganyiso wa durha swinene, se kutirhisiwa ka wona swifanele ku hungutiwa hikuva switlangisa mali. Mpfanganyiso wutala ku xaviwa hi muxavisi wa swakudya, kambe wunga endliwa ekaya hi n’wamapurasi. Swina nkoka kukuma mutivi wa swakudya leswaku ata ku endlela mpfanganyiso wa kahle lowungata phakela swakudya leswi lavekaka. Hambiswiritano, swita tshama swirikarhi swi olova kuxava swakudya swa dairy meal kutlula kukuma mpfanganyiso wohlawuleka.

Swakudya Leswi Heleleke swa Timbuti

Swakoteka ku phamela swakudya "complete feeds" eka timbuti ta masi, laha swakudya hinkwaswo swa nkoka swinga konaeka mpfanganyiso wunwe: roughages, concentrates, ti vitamin nati minerali hinkwaswo swihlanganisiwe kun’we. Leswi switlhela swivuriwa "Total Mixed Rations" (TMR). Swakudya leswi heleleke swifanele ku phameriwa hi ku olova leswaku titadya leswi tilavaka swona. Hambi swiritano, timbuti ta masi lawa humaka ya tele(+4 litres ta masi hi siku) tinga lava matimba yo engetelela.
Ku phakela swakudya leswi heleleke swingava xintshunxo xa kahle swinene eka van’wamapurasi lavanga swihumelerisaka hi ntsengo lowu fikelekaka, ngopfu ngopfu lavanga koteki ku humelerisa ti roughages leti byariwaka e kaya. Xin’wana xotika ngopfu ngopfu eka timbuti hileswaku tinga hlawula ku dya ntsena swakudya swokarhi eka TMR, leswi tsokombelaka ngopfu. Leswi swivula leswaku tingaka tinga kumi swakudya leswinga ringanela kumbe tidya roughage yotala leyinga ti khomisaka hi acidosis. (Acidosis yiva kona loko khwiri ritele ti grains kungari na swakudya swa fibre sworinganela. Leswi swivangela kuvila ka swakudya e khwirini kutani ritsandzeka ku tirha.)

Translated by Ike Ngobeni