Imihlobo Yokudla Kweembuzi

©Marinda Louw

Ukudla kwembuzi kuhlukaniswe ngeegaba ezintathu:
I-roughage - Inezinga eliphezulu lokudla okunomthiya, iyathengeka kunokunye ukudla. Ama-roughage akukudla okuyinyanda okuzele ngomthiya, okufana notjani, i-lurcene, amadlelo, iinsalela zentjalo kanye namakari.
Ama-concentrates – zizakhi ezizele ama-roughages, begodu zivamise ukubiza khulu.
Ama-Supplements /iinthako– zimumethe amavithamini nanyana amaminerali ama-supplements afakwe kancani asithako esiqakathekileko, esiqiniseka bona zoke izakhi eziitlhogekako zikhona.

Ama-Roughage (iinthako) Zembuzi

©Arthur Chapman

I-roughage kukudla okunye nokunye okune leveli ephezulu yomthiya ophuka kabuthaka. I-roughage ehle inomthiya ofana nembewu yegadoni, soyabean kanye nehaburi nanyana omunye nomunye umhlobo wehayi kanye nokudla kweembuzi okufretjhi. (Amaphaledi wokudla amumethe umthiya, kodwana ingasi, ama-roughage). Ukudla okunesphila kuncani ku-roughage kunalokhu okusemadlelweni, okuyi-roughage e-100%.
Imbuzi ifana nekonyana lebisi, ikomo begodu kufanele zibe ne-roughage elingeneko ekudleni kwazo, ukwenzela bona irhone ukwetjisa. Ama-roughage kufanele kube ngiwo azala ekudleni kweembuzi. Ngaphandle kwama-roughage imbuzi izokufa. Iimbuzi zebisi zitlhoga umthiya ukuze zibe nebisi elineleveli ehle yamafutha kanye nokobana amathumbu wazo asebenze kuhle. Ukunciphisa umthiya wembuzi esikazi kuzokwenza bona ingasakhiqiza ibisi elinengi.
Nakunama-roughage aneleko wekwalithi ehle, kuyarhonakala ukobana eminye imihlobo yembuzi ithole zoke izakhi ezizitlhogako ezisuka kuma-roughage, ngaphandle kwamanye amavithamini kanye namaminerali.
Indlela engabiziko yokukhiqiza ama-roughage ozanzele wona ekhaya, khulukhulu nange iinthuthi zibiza. Uzokonga imali, kodwana uzokuqiniseka bona ngeyekhwalithi begodu zikhona. Beka amanye ama-roughage ku-storage (afana nehayi kanye ne-silage) ozowasebenzisa ngeskhathi sesomiso. Isibonelo, ungarhona ukutjala amanye amadlelo afana notjani bomhlobo we-rhodes wenzele ehlobo utjale ihabura ezizoyidla ebusika. Lokhu kwenza bona zithole amandla kodwana, kodwana kunezinga eliphasi lamaprotheyini, khulukhulu lokha istjalo nasikhulako. I-lurcene, cowpeas namanye ama-legumes zimthombo omuhle wekwalithi ehle yamaprotheyini.

Ukudla Kweembuzi Okubizwa Bona yi-Concentrate Feed

I-concentrate feed mithombo yokudla engangezelelwa ekudleni okujwayelekileko kwe-roughage. Nangabe i-roughage ngeyekhwalithi ehle begodu imnandi ngeze kwafakwa enengi kunalokha ingasingeyekhwalithi emnandi nanyana ingadleki.Imbuzi ingangezelela izakhimzimbazayo ngokusebenzisa amafutha ewabekileko emzimbeni, kodwana lokha isilwane sikhulako, kutlhogeka bona uyiphe ukudla okungezelelweko okune-concentrate. Ama- concentrates angahlukaniswa ngeengaba ezimbili

umthombo wamandla - Isphila kanye nezinye iintjalo
umthombo yamaprotheyini – i-fish meal, soybean oil cake meal, sunflower oilcake meal, groundnut oilcake meal, cottonseed oilcake meal, njlnjl
Kuvamise bona iinthako zihlanganiswe ukwenzela bona zilethe iintlhogakalo ezilingaseneko zezakhi. Ama-concentrates ayabiza, njeke kufanele asetjenziswe ngokutjheja kungoniwa imali. Ama-concentrates avamise ukuthengwa ebathengisini bokudla kweenkomo, kodwana umfuyi angenziwa nekhaya. Kuqakathekile bona usiyazi wezakhi mzimba akwenzele ihlanganisela le ifake hlangana amamineralki, amavithamini azokwakha izakhi eziqakathekileko. Nanyana kunjalo kubancono ukuwathenga enzelwe futhi kunokobana ube nayinye ehlanganiswe ngusiyazi.

Ukudla Okupheleleko Kweembuzi

Kuyarhonakala bona uphe iimbuzi zebisi i-concentrate feed, lapha koke ukudla okutlhogakalako okufana nama-roughage, concentrate, vitamis kanye ne-minerals zihlanganiswa khona. Lokhu kubizwa bona yi-"Total Mixed Rations" (TMR). Ama-complete feeds kufanele atholwe mahala njeke zingadla amanengi ngendlela ezingarhona ngawo. Nanyana kunjalo imbuzi ezikhiqiza ibisi elinengi (amalitha amane ngelanga) zingadinga amandla angezelelweko.
Ukusabalalisa ukudla okupheleleko kungaba sisombululo esihle ebafuyini abangayikhiqiza ngenani eliphasi, khulukhulu abafuyi abanarhoni ukukhiqiza ama-roughage enziwe ekhaya. Ubudisi bunye obungenzeka khulukhulu ngeembuzi kukobana zidla kuphela iinthako ezithileko ku-TMR ekungile emnandi khulu. Kutjho bona ngeze zadla ukudla okulingasenikeko, nanyana okwaneleko okuma-roughage begodu zingaba sengozini yokoban azibanjwe yi- acidosis. I- acidosis ithoma lokha iimbuzi zidle khulu isphila zingatholi imateriyali ye-fibrous. Lokhu kubanga bona umrhori ivaleke.

Translated by Lizzy Shongwe