Vhana vha vha Taung-hune ra bva hone sa Vhathu

Ndi Fossilised Brain

©David Fleminger

Tshithu tshihulwane tshe tsha vhuya tsha waniwa tsha hominid Afrika tsho tumbulwa nga vho-Professer Raymond Dart, kale nga vho 1924. Dart ndi muthu ane abva Australia we avha atshi khou shuma Afrika Tshipembe sa Professor wa Anatomy gudedzini ḽa Witwatersrand.
Musi vha kati na mushumo hangei Buxton Quarry tsini na ḓorobo ya Taung hune ṋamusi ha vha North-west, munwe wa mugudiswa wa vho Dart a wana zwithu zwine zwa takadza zwa kale zwe zwa ḓo fhedza zwo rumelwa kha mu Professor wavho we aḓo ri: ‘nga nnṱha ha tombo ho vha huna zwine zwo vha zwi sa kholisei zwa endocranial cast kana zwithu zwo undaho zwa nga ngomu ha ngwangwa. Arali hu vhe hu songo tou vha uri ndi zwithu zwine zwa vha uri ndi zwa kale zwa lunwe lushaka, zwo vha zwi tshi ḓo wela kha u tumbulwa hu hulwane vhukuma, ngauri zwithu zworaliho azwi thu vhuya zwa wanala. Fhedzi ndo zwiḓivha na u ofha ndi sa ofhi uri zwine zwa vha kha tshanḓa tshanga ho vha husi anthropoidal yo ḓoweleyaho. Hafha kha muṱavha wa lime ho vha na u wanala zwithu zwine zwo hula lwono fhira luraru kha pfene na kha tshimpanzi tshine tsha vha uri ndi tshihulwane.’
Dakalo ḽe ḽa vho fhedza ḽo vha hone, vho Dart vha sedzesa vhukuma na kha bogisi vha wana zwithu zwine zwa vha zwinzhi zwa zwifhaṱuwo zwa zwivhumbiwa zwine zwa mangadza. Vha zwivhona uri zwifuwo hezwi zwo vha zwi tshi tshimbila henefha na maṋo ane anga a vhathu...nga murahu ha minwedzi miṱuku vha gannḓisa gurannḓa kha journala ya zwa saitsi, na mupo. Zwe vhone vha fhedza vha khou tenda ndi zwauri hezwi zwithu zwi wela kha lushaka lwa dzi specmen dzine dzi ḓo vha dzo wa vhukati ha apes na vhathu vha zwino. Vha vhidza hezwi zwithu
Australopithecus africanus.

Vhubvo Hashu sa Vhathu

Hezwi zwoṱhe zwo dzhiiwa sa zwimangadzao nga vhathu vha vho rasaitsi, sa zwine ha humbulelwa nga zwenezwo zwifhinga uri vhathu vhabva Asia, vhuṱanzi havho ho hanedzana na zwine zwa ambiwa nga vhaḓivhi vhukuma vha bristish fossil ane vha vhidziwa Piltown man zwe nga murahu zwa vho ambiwa sa Hoax).
Nga nnḓa ha muhumbulo wa ubva ha zwithu swiswini, murahu hangei kha dzhango ḽa Afrika ḽo vha ḽi sa humbuleleli Dart o vha oḓa na muhumbulo wawe wa zwa mashango a nnḓa na vhashumisani nae vha nnḓa. Naho zwo ralo ho vha na vhatikedzi vhaṱuku vhe vha ḓo vha hone u fana na vho dokotela Robert Broom. Lwa minwaha zwe zwa tumbulwa nga vho Dart zwo mbo ḓi tumbulwa nahone ṋamusi vhana vha vha Taung vha dzhiwa sa vhone vhandeme kha u ṱanganisa na u pfesesa vhubvo ha muthu. Dart o isa phanḓa na uvha na mushumo kha gudedzi ḽa Wits vha lovha nga 1988, vhana minwaha ya 95.

The Australopithecines

Ni songo tenda dzina ḽi tshi ni khakhisa. Australo zwiamba Southern na pithecine zwine zwa amba ape. Zwino Australopithecine zwi amba Southern ape. Ndi dzina ḽine ḽo fhiwa vhathu vha u thoma u vha hominid vhane vho wanala hoṱhe Eastern na Southern Africa, na hone zwi ya tendelwa uri Australopithecines ndi zwone zwithu zwine zwa ṱanganisa vhakale na vha zwino.
U tshi nga amba usa shavhi huna tshaka mbili dza Australopithecine: dzo khwaṱhaho na dzine dzo sekena. Dzo sekenaho dzi dovha dza vhidziwa upfi ndi dzi gracile Australopithecines, hu humbululwa uri ndi dzone dzo thomaho uvha hone na specimens zwine zwa vha zwa minwaha ya 4 million na 2 million yo fhelaho. Dzi ṱaluswa nga frame (musi dzi tshi khou vhambedzwa na dzine dza nga dzone) dza vha na maluvhi mahulwane. Pelvis na marambo a milenzhe aya sumbedza uri dzo vha dzi bipedal.
Huna tshaka mbili khulwane dza gracile Australopithecine: Australopithecus afarensis (i wanala Eastern Africa) na Australopithecus africanus (i wanala Southern Africa).

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe