N’wana wa Taung - Ntumbuluko wa Munhu

Byongo Lebyi Endliweke Xiharhi

©David Fleminger

Xiharhi lexikulu xa hominid fossil lexi nga kumeka e Afrika xikumiwile hi Professor Raymond Dart, khale hi malembe yava 1924. Dart ari munhu wohuma e Australia loyi a tirha laha Afrika Dzonga tani hi professor wa Anatomy e University of Witwatersrand. Loko ari entirhweni wakwe laha a tirhela e handle e Buxton Quarry kusuhi nale dorobeni ra Taung exifundzheni xa North-West, van’wana machudeni ya Dart vakume swilo leswi tsakisaka swati fossil specimens letinga rhumeriwa eka Prof. Tani hiloko Dart a tsala hi byakwe:
“E henhla ka nhulu ya maribye akuri na leswi aswinga kanakanisi leswaku i xiphemu xa munhu kumbe ku akelana eka marhambu ya munhu. Loko ingi akuri byongo lebyi endliweke xiharhi xa muxaka wihi na wihi wa mfenhe, aswitava switekiwe tani hiku kumiwa lokukulu swinene, hikuva swilo swotani aswise tshama swivikiwa nakan’we. Kambe andzi switiva hiku langutisa ntsena leswaku leswinga emavokweni ya mina akungova byongo bya anthropoidal ntsena. Laha eka misava leyingana lime akuri lexi fanaka swinene na byongo lebyinga kanharhu hikukula kutlula bya mfenhe naswona byikule kuhundza bya chimpanzee lexikulu.”
Hiku nyanyuka ka yena, Dart u kamberile leswi aswiri e bokisini kutani a kuma swiphemu leswi hlamarisaka swa xikandza. U hatlise a swivona leswaku xiharhi lexi axi kombisa vumbhoni byaku famba xiyimele e henhla, naswona matinu aya languteka ya fana swinene na ya munhu. Endzhaku ka tinhweti nyana, u humesile phepha leri aringa twisiseki ngopfu eka scientific journal, Ntumbuluko. Leswi anga vuya a twisisa swona ekuheteleleni hileswaku marhambu lawa ayari ya xiharhi xintsongo lexingavaka exikarhi ka mfenhe na munhu wa manguva lawa. Xivumbeko lexi uxivule Australopithecus africanus.

Ntumbuluko wa Munhu

Hinkwaswo leswi aswi tekiwa swibihe lero chavisa hi vanhu lava vanga eka swa science manguva lawa, hikuva aswitekiwa leswaku vanhu va tumbuluke e Asia himinkarhi yoleyo, naswona vumbhoni bya yena abyi lwisana naleswi aswitiveka ngopfu kunga British fossil leyi ayi vuriwa ‘Piltdown Man’ (leyinga vuya yitekiwa yinga hanyi).
Handle ka sweswo, ku ehleketa leswaku kunga huma xilo e xinyamini, aswinga languteriwangi e tikweni nkulu ra Afrika leri ari salele endzhaku swinene naswona Dart a hundzuke xihlekiso eka vatirhi kuloni vayena emisaveni hinkwayo. Hambiswiritano, uvile na vaseketeri nyana lavanga tihumesela ehandle kukatsa na Dr. Robert Broom. Eka malembe lawa yotala, ntiyiso wa leswi aswitshembiwa hi vutivi bya Dart wuhumele erivaleni naswona namuntlha Taung Child yivonaka tani hi nhlanganiso wa nkoka eku twisiseni ka hina ka laha munhu a tumbulukaka kona. Raymond Dart uyile e mahlweni ava na ntirho wo leha swinene e Wits kutani a hundza emisaveni hi lembe ra 1988, ari na malembe ya 95.

(Mfenhe yale Dzongeni) Australopithecines

Unga chavisiwi hi vito. Australo swivula e dzongeni naswona pithecine swivula mfenhe. Se Australopithecine swivula mfenhe yale Dzongeni. Leri i vito leri nyikiweke tinxaka to hlaya ta khale ta ti hominid leti kumekaka evuhuma dyambu nale Dzongeni wa Afrika. Naswona ri amukeriwa ngopfu hileswaku Australopithecines hitona tihi hlanganisaka swa nkoka na laha hi humaka kona.
Ku vulavula hiku angarhela, kuna tinxaka timbirhi tati Australopithecine: to bumbula na tolala. Leti tolala, tivuriwa gracile Australopithecines, ti ehleketeleriwa kuva tive kona kusungula, naswona vumbhoni byi komba leswaku tive kona exikarhi ka 4 million na 2 million wa malembe lawa yanga hundza. Tihlamuseriwa hi fireme lerintsongo swinene naswona marambu ya pimiwe ya vevukile swinene (lok ya pimanyisiwa naya timfenhe ta manguva lawa) laha kungana ndzhawu ya byongo leyikulu swinene hinkarhi walowo. Kuya hi marhambu ya pelvis naya nenge yakomba leswaku minkarhi yinwana aya tirhisiwa kufamba yari mambirhi.
Kuna tinxaka timbirhi letikulu ta gracile Australopithecine: Australopithecus afarensis (yikumeka e Eastern Africa) na Australopithecus africanus (yikumeka e Southern Africa).

Translated by Ike Ngobeni