Amino Acids – Swakudya leswi kumekaka hi ntumbuluko eka ximilani nale ka swifuwo. Ti Amino acids hitona ti endlaka ti protein.
Anthelmintic – Xidzidziharisi lexi tirhisiwaka ku chavisa manyokanyokani – xisusa manyokanyokani.
Antibiotic – mapa lawa ya humesiwaka hiti micro-organisms kumbe synthetically (penicillin, Streptomycin, etc.) yana vuswikoti byaku tumbeta kumbe ku dlaya ti micro-organisms tinwana.
Antibodies – Swin’wana leswi humesiwaka hi miri ku hlasela switsongwatsongwani, bacteria kumbe ti toxins. Antibodies ti endla leswaku kuva naku hlohleteriwa ko hangalasa leswi karhataka e mirini.
Antigen – hi swinwana leswi pfunetaka miri kuva wu humesa ti antibodies loko tifika e mirini. Mimirhi leyingana ti antigens leti pfunetaka xifuwo kuva na ti antibodies leti lwisanaka na mavabyi.
Antigen (Killed or Inactive) – Swinwana leswi pfunetaka kumbe kuvona vuhumelerisi bya ti antibodies. Jikisoni ya vumbirhi yina nkoka endzhaku ka masiku nyana kumbe mohlaya endzhaku ka leyi yosungula yaku pfuneta vuhumelerisi byati antibodies.
Antigen (Living) – Swinwana leswi pfunetaka switeji hinkwaswo swa vuhumelerisi byati antibodies.
Antiseptic – Yi tumbeta kukula kati micro-organisms, kumbe swinwana leswi tumbetaka kuhumelela kwaloko.
Antiserum - Serum leyingana ti antibodies. Yi tisa nsivelo wa nkarhi nyana waku ringana mavhiki ya 2 kuya eka 4.
Antitoxin - Serum leyingana phoyizeni yokarhi leyi tshamisekisaka ti antibodies.
Astringent – Xidzidziharisi lexi khonyanisaka nyama na kuhunguta ku humesiwa ka swinwana e nyameni.
Atrophy – Ku hunguteka ka sayizi ya xirho kumbe tissue kumbe cell.
Attenuation – Ntirho wo hunguta ka virulence kumbe ku cinca swilo leswi tisaka mavabyi hiku swikurisa tani hi mukhomi wa wona, hi xikongomelo xaku endla murhi.
Autogenous vaccine – Murhi lowu endliwaka hiti organisms kusuka eka mavabyi lawa yanga hangalaka.
Bacteria – Ntlawa wa ti micro-organisms, leswintsongo swinene eka swimilani.
Bactericidal – Kuva na vuswikoti byo dlaya ti bacteria
Bacterin – Xitirhisiwa lexi nga endliwa kumbe xikotaka ku dlaya ti bacteria, xinga lulamisiwa tani hi murhi wotshungula.
Biological – Murhi lowu endliwaka kusuka eka xin’wana lexi hanyaka. Hi xitalo yitirhisiwa eka kusivela mavabyi (see bacterin, vaccine, antiserum, antitoxin)
Booster Vaccine – Nsawutiso wavumbirhi kumbe wotala lowu nyikiwaka ku engetelela ku alela mavabyi eka xifuwo.
Caustic Corrosive – xitirhisiwa xo dlaya ti tissues leti hanyaka.
Coccidia - Protozoan organisms leti hlaselaka ti cells lining e khwirini.
Diluent – swihalaki leswi tirhisiwaka ku tsakamisa mirhi kumbe kutatisa.
Drench – Ku nyika swihalaki hi nomo.
Electrolytes – Ti compounds leti endliwaka loko ku hlangana ti mineral components to hambana hambana ku tiyisisa leswaku swihalaki switshamisekile e mirini.
Gestation – Ku biha emirini (150 wa masiku eka mbuti)
Haemorrhage – Ku lahlekeriwa hi ngati
Immunity – Vuswikoti bya miri ku alela kumbe ku hlula nhlaselo. Antibodies tipfuna ngopfu eka sweswo.
Immunity (Acquired) – Ku ala ka xifuwo lexinga tshama xi hlaseriwa hi mavabyi yalawo.
Immunity (Active) – Ku sihalala eka nsivelo wa mavabyi loku kusukaka eka miri hi woxe.
Immunity (Innate) – Ku tekelela ku ala ku khomiwa hi mavabyi.
Immunity (Maternal) – Ndlela yo ala ku khomiwa hi mavabyi lawa hundzisiwaka kusuka eka mutswari kuya eka nwana. Leswi swinga fikeleriwa eka uterus kumbe hi masi (ngopfu ngopfu eka masi yosungule endzhaku ko tswala).
Immunity (Passive) – Nsivelo kusuka eka kucheriwa ka swosivela kusuka eka xifuwo xin’we kuya eka xin’wana. Leswi swinga endliwa hi munhu kungari hi ntumbuluko hiku kuma serum kusuka eka xifuwo lexinga sirheleleka kutani ku tlhaveriwa xifuwo lexinga sirhelekangiki. Passive immunity i ya nkarhi wuntsongo swinene lowu pimiwaka hi masiku kumbe mavhiki.
Infection – Ku ngheniwa hi mavabyi xikan’we na kukula ka wona hikuva ya hangalasa ti bacteria, switsongwatsongwani, etc.) eka miri wa xifuwo.
Inflammation – Ku pfimba emirini hikokwalaho ka kuvaviseka. Ku vaviseka loku kungava ku endliwe hi swilo leswi hanyaka kumbe hikokwalaho ka swivangelo swa mechanical, chemical kumbe electrical. Inflammation yinga vonaka hiku tshukuluka, kuvava, kutshwa kumbe ku pfimba/kukumuka.
Inoculate – Ku endla immune serum, murhi, kumbe ku tirhisa swin’wana swo sivela, ku horisa kumbe hi xikongomelo xo ringeta.
Insecticide – xin’wana lexi dlayaka switsotswana.
Intramuscular Injection (IM) - injection eka mayisele.
Intraperitoneal (IP) - injection yale khwirini.
Intravenous (IV) - Injection eka nsiha.
L.D. – Ku cheriwa ko dlaya.
Metabolism – Nhlayo ya maendlelo ya tikhemikali naya physical laha ku humelerisiwaka naku hlayisiwa.
Pharmaceutical – Xidzidziharisi xa murhi lowu tirhisiwaka.
Serum - Xiphemu xa swihalaki swa ngati leswingariki nati cells kumbe ku thona. Serum leyi kumekaka eka swifuwo leswingaviki na xiyimo xokarhi kutani yi tlhaveriwa eka swinwana leswaku yita kota ku nyika xifuwo xexo xiyimo xakuka xinga khomiwi hi mavabyi yokarhi leswitivekaka tani hi antiserum
Stress – Swilo hinkwaswo leswinga vangelaka xifuwo mavabyi. Ntshikelelo wunga vangiwa hi ndzhawu, swakudya, miri kumbe swin’wana.
Subclinical – Loko swingase nghenelela, eka switeji swosungula, swintsongo nyana, swa mavabyi yokarhi.
Subcutaneous (SQ) – e hansi ka nhlonge.
Toxaemia – phoyizeni leyi vangiwaka hiku tswongiwa ka swidlayi, ngopfu ngopfu eka leswingana ti bacteria letinga vangiwa laha kunga hlaseriwa. Ngopfu ngopfu,phoyizeni engatini.
Toxin – Leswingana Phoyizeni.
Toxoid – Leswingana phoyizeni leyinga ringeta kususiwa kambe swisala swahari na vuswikoti byo endla ti antibodies loko switlhaveriwe e mirini.
Trauma – Xilondza kumbe ku vaviseka.
Vaccines – Switirhisiwa leswinga endliwa hi xikongomelo xo sivela. Kungava mirhi leyinga endliwa kusuka eka switsongwa tsongwani, ti bacteria, kumbe protozoa, leti hanyaka kumbe tinga fa kumbe kuxuka eka ti toxins.
Vaccines (Bacterial) – i murhi lowu sivelaka mavabyi lawa ya vangiwaka hiti bacteria.
Vaccine (Killed Virus) murhi lowu endliwaka hiku chela xifuwo, chick embryo kumbe tissue ya xifuwo leyingana xitsongwa tsongwani xokarhi. Xitsongwa tsongwani lexi xitekiwa loko nhlaselo wuri emaninginingini laha wungana swodlaya. Xitsongwa tsongwana lexinga fa xi endla ku humelerisiwa ka ti antibodies loko xi tlhaveriwe eka xifuwo.
Vaccine (Live Virus) – murhi lowunga humelerisiwa hiku byala ndzhavuko wa xitsongwa tsongwani lexihanyaka kusuka laha murhi wu endliwaka hakona.
Vaccine (Modified Live Virus) – murhi lowunga endliwa kusuka eka xitsongwa tsongwani lexi hungutekeke.
Vaccine (Monovalent) – Murhi lowu sirhelelaka mavabyi yan’we ntsena.
Vaccine(Polyvalent) – Murhi lowu sirhelelaka mavabyi mambirhi kumbe yotala.
Vaccine (Viral) – murhi lowu sirhelelaka mavabyi lawa ya nga vangiwa hi switsongwa tsongwani.
Virus – Switsongwa tsongwani, swintsongo swinene nale ka ti bacteria totala naswona switkota ku andzisana laha kungana vutomi, eka cell leyikotaka ku swihlayisa. Switsongwa tsongwani swinga eka nkarhi woleha nale handle ka ti tissues leti hanyaka. Switsongwa tsongwani swin’wani swi vanga mavabyi ya khombo swinene kasi swin’wana aya na khombo.
Marito ya Ntolovelo ya xi Latin Naxi Greek na Nkomiso Lowu Tirhisiwaka Loko ku Tsariwa Mirhi
a.c. ante cibum – ya xin’wead ad to: ku fika eka
ad lib. Ad libitum – eku tsakeni
alternis horis alternis horis – awara yinwana na yinwana
ante ante – kunga se
aq. aqua - mati
b.i.d. bis in die – kambirhi masiku hinkwawo
bis bis - kambirhi
c cum - na
caps capsula - pilisi
et et – axikan’we
gtt gutta(e) - mathonsi
H. hora - awara
hor.som.,H.S. hora somni – hi nkarhi wo etlela
in d. in dies – masiku hinkwawo
inter inter - exikarhi
lin. linimentum – ku tota emirini ku herisa ku vava
liq. liquor - swihalaki
lot. lotio - swotola
noctis noctis – eka vusiku
non non - aswi
non.rep. non repetatur – unga swi engeti
O.D. oculus dexter – tihlo ra xinene
O.L. oculus laevus – tihlo ra ximatsi
omn. or. omni hora – awara yin’wana na yin’wana
p.c. post cibos – endzhaku ko dya
p.r.n. pro re nata – loko swilaveka
q.h. quaque hora – awara yin’wana na yin’wana
q.i.d. quater in die – ka 4 hi siku
q.s. quantum sufficit – kuya hiloko swilaveka
t.i.d. ter in die – ka 3 hi siku
ut dict. ut dictum – Kuya hi laha swinga lerisiwaTranslated by Ike Ngobeni