Kulawula Ximilani xa Kalavatla

© Louise Brodie

Ku Cinca Cinca Swimilani

Cinca cinca hi swimilani leswinga swa matluka xikan’we na ti legumes kuhunguta switsotswana na kuva mavabyi yatshama yari endzhawini yin’we.

Mbuyelo (tonnes hi hectare)

Ntolovelo: 10 tonnes Exikarhi: 25 tonnes Wa kahle: 50+ tonnes

Ntshovelo

Ku tshoveriwa ka kalavatla swiendliwa hi mavoko hikuva kuvupfa naku kariwa ka mihandzu leyi swifanele ku tekiwa xiboho eka in situ hi loyi angata kha mihandzu lowu.

Unga koki kalavatla kusuka eka ximilani xa wona. Tirhisa mukwana lowu karihaka kumbe sikiri kuva u tsema kusuka laha muhandzu wunga khomelela hikona, u siya kwalomu ka 4 cm wa xiphemu xa kalavatla leswaku ringa boli leswinga onhaka kalavatla. Kalavatla rifanele kuva rivupfile loko rikhiwa hikuva loko ri za rihkiwa aswinga endleki leswaku riya emahlweni ri vupfa.

Ndlela ya kahle yaku kumisisa loko rivupfile ikuva kutirhisiwa refractometer. Teka swikombiso hinkwako ensinwni naswona loko Brix (vukona bya chukele) byiri eka 9 kuya eka 10% nsimu yifanele kuva yi ringanerile ku tshoveriwa. Leswi swiku pfumelela nakuva u kamba muhlovo wa rona endzeni xikan’we naku endla swikambelo swa nantswo.

Swikombiso swin’wana i ku oma ka tshindi laha kalavatla ringa khomelela hikona xikan’we na matluka lawa yanga ekusuhi narona, hinkwaswo leswi swikomba leswaku rivupfile naswona araha kumi swakudya.

Xin’wana xikombiso i mpfumawulo lowu riwu endlaka loko uri gongondza hi voko. Ntshovelo eka nsimu yaleyo switala ku endliwa kambirhi kumbe kanharhu loko mihandzu hinkwayo yingase helela. Tshovela nimixo kaha titimela.

Nhlayiso

Susa makalavatla kuya wa veka eka ndzhawu yotitimela loko waha ku heta kuya tshovela. Matitimelello ya ndzhawu yanhlayiselo yafanele kuva eka 12°C kuya eka 14°C eka 90% relative humidity. Nkarhi wo leha ku hlayisa tinxaka hinkwato ta makalavatla kungava mavhiki yambirhi kumbe yanharhu.

Switsotswana

Aphids, Nematodes, Squash bugs, Silverleaf whitefly, Seedcorn maggot, Striped na Spotted Cucumber beetles.

Mavabyi

Anthracnose, Charcoal rot, Downy mildew, Fusarium wilt, Cercospora leaf spot, Phytophthora, Powdery Mildew na Gummy stem blight.Translated by Ike Ngobeni