Ku wa ka Mapungubwe
Swi Onheke Kwihi?
Kuringana 75 wa malembe, vanhu vale Mapungubwe vahanyile vutomi eka ndzhawu na hi ndlela ya kahle. Vafumile eka mfumo lowu awu angarhela 30 000 square kilometers xikanwe naku xavisa swinene eka ndzhawu hinkwayo,tinxaka ta laha kaya xikan’we na vaxavisi vale Sofala na Chinuebe. Kutani, swinga languteriwanga, hinkwaswo swi onheka. Hi 1290 AD, ntsinda lowukulu wuvuye wutshikiwa naswona vanhu vahangalaka na moya.
Swatika ku tiva leswaku kuhumelele yini loko u languta endzhaku eka malembe lawa yotala lawa yanga tsariwangiki helo. Kumbexani hosi ya khale yi lovile yinga siyangi munhu loyi ata sala a rhangela tiko; kumbe loyi a fanele kuva a sala a rhangela tiko anga tiyangi lero u tsandzekile kuva a fambisa tiko; kumbe kuve na ku lwa exikarhi ka ndyangu wa vuhosi; kumbe vangava vanghenele hi rixaka rin’wana (hambi leswi swinga tolovelekangiki); kumbe doroba rinwani riteke vulawuri ehenhla ka tindzhawu to xavisela eka tona kuya endzeni; kumbe kulo tshuka kuve na maxelo yo biha lawa yanga tisa makumu ya Mapungubwe. Ku ehleketeleriwa loku kohetelela hikona kutshembiwaka leswaku kungava ku humelerile.
Malembe Yantsongo ya Khale
Ti rhikhodo ta swamisava tikomba leswaku, kwalomu ka 1300 AD, kuve na masungulo ya ‘Little Ice Age’, yantsongo swinene. Aya ringanerile swinene, hambi, ku cinca lokukulu ka vutomi bya khale ka matimu ya ndzhawu ya vanhu va varimi. Timpfula ta kahle leti neke kusukela emasunguleni ya minkarhi ya muganga wa K2 tivuye ti oma, leswinga tisa dyandza lerikulu swinene kuringana magidigidi wa malembe, naswona nambu wa Limpopo wusungule kuka wungaha tshamiseki, wutisa mikhukhula hinkari woka wungari kahle naku onhetela swibyariwa. Kupfumaleka ka swakudya swingava swivangiwe hi ntungu wa mavabyi lawa yanga tisiwa hi makondlo yale kaya (rattus-rattus).
Laha kuwa ka mphakelo wa swakudya, swinga sungula kuva swingaha kondzeleleki kutani ntsindza wu khinsama hi matsolo. Vuswikoti bya Mapungubwe bya kuva yiya emahlweni yi xavisa swivuye switika hindlela yo hlamarisa kutani mafumelo yo tika ya mfumo ayanga languteriwangi kuva ya lawula xiphiqo lexi. Leswi akuri makumu ya mfumo wa Mapungubwe. Eku heteleleni, hosi a hinchumu loko kungari na vanhu va yona.
Ku Pfumala Kuya Emahlweni
Kutani, vanhu va Mapungubwe vasukele masirha ya vona ya nsuku, kutani vahangalaka vaya tshama eka tindzhawu tintshwa kuya e dzongeni nale N’walungu vupela dyambu. Tani hileswi swiendlisaka xiswona hi nhluvuko wunwana na wunwana wa khale, ku famba ka vona aswinga languteriwanga naswona akuvangi na kuya emahlweni eka vaaki lava landzelaka. Ndzhavuko wa vona awu xanisekangi, naswona swivumbiwa swotala swa Mapungubwe leswi aswi tsariwile aswi vonaki helo eka tindzhawu letinga kona.
Kuringana 700 wa malembe lawa ya landzelaka, xintshabyani xohlawuleka xi tshame na swihundla swa xona. Axaha tshamiwanga hi munhu hambi kuri tinxaka letinga vuya ti rhurhela eka ndzhawu liya, naswona vutitivi bya vanhu va Mapungubwe byi nyamala eka matimu. Kahle kahle, hitiva swintsongo swinene hivona. Swihambanyiso swa ndzhavuko swotani hi ririmi, vunanga na ripfumelo ra xikereke aswi siyi nchumu xovonaka. Leswi swivulaka leswaku hingo vhumba ntsena leswivuriwaka hi swilo swohambana hambana swale masirheni, xikan’we na vumbhoni lebyinga talangiki hi minhlangano ya vona. Kahle kahle, ahi switivi leswaku ava tivitana yini, hikuva ‘Mapungubwe’ i vito ra ximanguva lawa.
Zimbabwe Leyikulu
Hambi switetano, ku tshembiwa leswaku ntsinda wun’okile, xiphemu xa vanhu xirhurhele le henhla eka doroba ra Great Zimbabwe. Leyi akuri ndzhawu leyi akuri khale yiri kona, kwalomu ka 150 kms kusuka e n’walungu vuhuma Dyambu, leyi ayiri na ndzhavuko wa yona wa swivumbiwa. Eka kuwa ka Mapungubwe, Great Zimbabwe hiyona yinga teka ndzhawu yayona tani hi ndzhawu yosungula yo xaviselana na east coast. Loko yiya yikula, Great Zimbabwe yivuye yiteka mindzhavuko yotala ya xintu xa Mapungubwe, kutani yi kurisa eka tona kuva yi endla doroba ra kahle swinene, laha ariri na makhumbi ya kahle lawa aya pfaleke kahle hiku ringanela. Xihlamariso lexi xa maisava ya khale naxona i World Heritage Site, naxona xina matimu ya xona lawa ya tsekatsekaka.
Translated by
Ike Ngobeni
