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Kuna tinxaka ta mune ta tihomu ta masi - Holsteins, Jerseys, Ayrshires na Guernseys, ti hambana hiku tika, hi mbuyelo wa masi na xivumbeko xa masi, kambe kuhambana loku exikarhi ka tinxaka leti i kukulu swinene.

Swihlawulekisi swa tihomu ta masi ta Holstein

Holsteins tina mavala yokarhi eka tona, hi xitalo ita ntima na ko basa hi muhlovo hambi leswi kuvaka na letinga to tshuka nako basa. Leyi i homu yotiyela xikan’we no tikela kusuka eka 550 kuya eka 750 kg, na mbuyelo lowukulu swinene wa masi, laha yihumesaka kwalomu ka 8550 kg hi masiku ya 305 yaku sengiwa ka masi (hintolovelo 28 liter hi siku). Mpimo wa mafurha yakwalomu ka 3.0% kuya eka 4.2% loko nhlayo wati protein yihambanaka kusukela eka 2.5% kuya eka 3.8%.
Loko swakudya swikayivela kumbe swingari swa khwalithi yakahle, homu ya xivumbeko lexikulu ya Holstein yingava yinga ringanelanga. Hi xitalo, Holsteins titirhisiwa laha kungariki na madyelo lawa ya lulamisiweke kufana na laha tinga pfaleriwa kumbe eti nkambeni. Tiphameriwa nkatsakanyo wohambana hambana lowukatsaka furu (hay, byasi) xikan’we na nkatsakanyo wa (leti xaviweke hiti pellets tingana matimba nati protein totala) tikatsiwa kuya hi mbuyelo wa masi xikanwe na xiyimo xa masi.
Hikokwalaho ka leswi, muxaka wa Holstein hiwona lowukulu swinene wa masi emisaveni hinkwayo, kuna nhlayo leyikulu leyinga kona ku endliwa artificial insemination. Leswi swivula leswaku swita koteka ku lawula mbuyelo wa masi loko kaha antswisiwa swilo swofana na kutswala.

Swihlawulekisi swa homu ya masi ya Jersey

Tihomu ta Jersey tintsongo, ita muhlovo wa braweni no basa naswona titika 350 kuya eka 450 kg. Mbuyelo wa masi ya tona wule hansi ka homu ya Holsteins, laha kunga kwalomu ka 5000 kg hinkarhi wo senga hambi leswi masi ya homu ya Jersey yanga e henhla hi nhlayo ya swotiyela kufana na; nhlayo ya mafurha 4.0% kuya eka 5.5% kasi yati protein yile ka 3.5% kuya eka 4.5%. Jersey ya xisati ayi karihi hambi leswi Jersey ya xinuna yitivekaka yi mpfhumpfha swinene. Tihomu ta Jerseys tifuyiwa eka madyelo lawa ya lulamisiweke hikuva tikota ku dya kahle loko tirikarhi tikuma nhlayo yale hansi ya nkatsakanyo wa swakudya hikokwalaho ka mbuyelo wale hansi wa masi.

Swihlawulekisi swa homu ya masi ya Ayrshire

Ayrshires titiyile nova na xuvumbeko xotsindziyela swinene titlhela tiva na mavele ya kahle. Muhlovo watona wahambana kusuka eka buraweni wovonikela lowu katsanaka nawobasa. Ntiko wa tihomu ta Ayrshire tisukela eka 400 kuya eka 600 kg. Mbuyelo wa masi na mafurha na tiphesente ta ti protein wuvonaka hinkarho wolowo exikarhi ka Holsteins nati Jerseys.

Swihlawulekisi swa homu ya masi ya Guernsey

Guernseys i tihomu ta mpimo wale xikarhi wa xitshopani kuya eka kutshuka kumbe buraweni letingana ntiko wale xikarhi ka 400 kuya eka 550 kg. Guernseys ti kota ku cinca swakudya hiku olova naswona tihumesa masi ya khwalithi swinene loko tirikarhi tidya exikarhi ka 20 kuya eka 30% hivuntsungo eka swakudya swantolovelo loko kupimanyisiwa na tihomu tin’wana ta masi. Guernseys tifikelela vukulu bya tona hiku hatlisa naswona tikota kutswala loko tiri na 22 wa tinhweti – mbuyelo wa xihatla eka vuvekisi. Marhole ya Guernseys yava yari yakulu loko ya tswariwa, lawa ya olovaka swinene kuya kurisa kambe yana ku tika swinene loko swita eka timhaka ta ku tswala. Mbuyelo wa masi yatona na xivumbeko xa masi (mafurha na nhlayo yati protein) swihatlisa ku vuya exikarhi kati Jerseys nati Ayrshires.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni

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