Ho kopana le bonyane dilemo tse 4 000 ho hieroglyphs e Egepeta e bontshang bophelo ba dinotshi, mahe a dinotshi e bile eena feela monate ya monate e tsejwang ke motho ka dilemo tse dikete. Thahasello ya ho nwa dinotshi e qadileng ka 1792 ka mora buka e buwang ka dinotshi le mahe a dinotshi e ngotswe ke Francois Huber, setsebi sa saense se sa boneng mme sebokeng sa bo 1850 sa Amerika, Lorenzo Langstroth, e ile ya eba moferefere wa pele o ntseng o sebediswa kajeno.
Ditekanyeso tsa Mahe a Dinotshi
Molao wa hona jwale Afrika Borwa, Agricultural Product Standards Act, 1990 (Act No. 119 of 1990) o fana ka mebaraka e mebedi - dikgaolo tse kgethehileng tsa dikgahla le tsa indasteri - bakeng sa mahe a dinotshi a metsi, mahe a dinotshi a lebejana le khekhe ya mahe a dinotshi. Melao e laola boleng ka ho beha maemo a itseng a kang fructose ya mahe a dinotshi ho lekanya, ho lekaneng le HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural e teng maheng a dinotshi le pontsho ya boleng ba mahe) dikahare.Mmala le Tatso ya Mahe a Dinotshi
Boleng ba mahe a dinotshi ha bo amane le mmala wa oona. Mmala wa mahe a dinotshi bo itshetlehile ka mohlodi wa lero la meriana mme o ka tloha ho metsi a bosweu ho fihlela a le mongobo kapa a le botsho.Ka mohlala, mahe a dinotshi a mebala e kganyang a ka hlahisa dithunthung tsa citrus, ha mahe a dinotshi a mmala o lehlasedi la letsatsi o bofifi o ka nna wa etswa ka lero la dithuthung tsa avocado kapa dipalesa tsa naha.
National Honey Board ya United States e hlalosa hore, ka tsela e tshwanang, tatso le ho utlisa mathe ha mahe a dinotshi ho boetse ho itshetlehile ka mohlodi wa lero. Mahe a dinotshi a tla ba le monate o monate wa bohobe ha mahe a dinotshi a hlahiswang ho tswa mefuteng ya Eucalyptus a ka bontsha ditshwantsho tse sa tshwaneng tsa tatso, empa hangata a na le tatso e matla ka mokgwa o fokolang wa meriana. Ho fapana le sena, mahe a dinotshi a entsweng ka dipalesa tsa dimela a monate a na le tatso e bonolo ka lentswe le tlaase le hlabang. Mahe a dinotshi a Blueberry a lesedi la lehlasedi la letsatsi le kganyang ka mmala o nang le tatso e hantle. Mahe a dinotshi a Acacia a bonolo ebile a monate haholo ka dihlahiswa tse tlaase tsa sucrose ha mahe a dinotshi a tswang ho lesere a se monate ho feta mefuta e meng e mengata ya mahe a dinotshi. Mahe a dinotshi a entsweng ho tloha ka lero la dipalesa tsa canola le lekanang ka potlako, hangata esita le matlwana a dinotshi.
Mefuta ya Mahe a Dinotshi
Mahe a dinotshi a matala ha a eso futhumale, a sebediswa kapa a hlwekisitswe mme a tshwaneleha ho barui ba dinotshi ba bacha, kaha ha a batle ho futhumatswa le thepa ya ho hlwekisa e turang. A boetse a na le peo e nang le dinotshi, tse nang le di amino acid tse ngata le tse ding tse molemo.Leha ho le jwalo, mahe a dinotshi a matala a ka ba maru, a lomoswa le a ba granulated (ho tiiya). Sehlahiswa sa yona ke mokgwa o fokolang mme o na le dibaktheria.
Ho ka etsahala hore ebe mahe a dinotshi a kgwebo kapa a tlwaelehileng a ileng a ba pasteurized. Pasteurisation ke ho bolawa ha dibaktheria ka ho futhumatsa sehlahiswa sa dijo ho ℃ tse 70 ebe o di phodisa ka potlako. Ho chesa mahe a dinotshi ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho hlwekisa le botlolo mme ho hlahisa mahe a hlakileng, a ke keng a tiiya.
'Mahe a dinotshi a lebejana' a tiisitse mahe a dinotshi ka mokgwa o motle, o fetiseditsweng ho ba le seaparo se tshwanang le seaparo se boreledi.
'Kgaola khekhe ya dinotshi' e bolela khekhe ya dinotshi e nang le mahe a dinotshi, e kgaotsweng le e tletseng.
'Mahe a dinotshi a Honeydew' e bolela efe kapa efe ya mahe a dinotshi a dextrorotatory. Sena se bolela hore mahe a dinotshi a entswe ka dikgeo tse tswekere tsa dimela tse ding ntle le dipalesa, empa le tsona di ka bolela hore mahe a dinotshi a silafaditswe (a kopantswe le sirapo le tswekere tse ding) ha dimolekhule tsa tswekere tse ‘mahe a dinotshi a maiketsetso’ a fapane le mahe a dinotshi a hlwekileng.
Mahe a dinotshi a Mānuka a entswe ka lero la dipalesa tsa hlathe ya Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium), semela sa matswallwa ho New Zealand. Mahe a dinotshi a Mānuka a nkwa e le a phahameng mme a na le thepa ya tlhokomelo ya ho lwantsha lefuba le ya maqeba.
Dino tse Nang le Mahe a Dinotshi
Mahe a dinotshi a monate ho feta tswekere mme a ka sebediswa e le mokgwa o mong wa tswekere ka di cocktails, ditee tse leqhwa, dino tse chesang le dino tse entsweng ka ditholwana. Mahe a dinotshi a lokela ho tswakanywa le metsi - a sebedisa dikarolo tse lekanang (karolo e tshwanang) tsa e nngwe le e nngwe. Hlalosa motswako hanyane ho fihlela mahe a dinotshi a qhibidiha ka metsing. Motswako o ka bolokwa ka dibeke tse ka bang pedi.Seno sa Scottish Drambuie ke liqueur e entsweng ka whiskey, mahe a dinotshi, dinoko le ditlama, ha mead e le motswako o nonneng wa mahe a dinotshi, tomoso le metsi. Tshmoloho ya mead e ka ba teng morao ho dikepe tsa dipitsa tsa letsopa tsa Machaena tse tswang ho 7000 B.C. Mead ya setlama le dinoko tse kentsweng ka mefuta-futa ho dumelwa hore e phekola ho tepella maikutlong le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ya tshilo ya dijo.
Hantle Mahe a Dinotshi a Maiketsetso ke afe?
Ka 2018, ho fumanwe hore mahe a dinotshi a maiketsetso a ya rekiswa Afrika Borwa. Mahe a dinotshi a maiketsetso ana a ka hlahisa mahe a dinotshi sebakeng seo, le hoja boholo ba mahe a dinotshi a Afrika Borwa bo kenngwa ho tswa Chaena.Moetsi wa moo, Mahe a dinotshi a Peel, a hlalosa hore mahe a dinotshi a maiketsetso a entswe ka ho kopanya mahe a dinotshi a nang le sirapo ya poone, mmoba kapa tswekere ya raese. Tshebetso ena e bitswa "adulteration".
Ho eketsa metswako ya tswekere kapa metsi ho mahe a dinotshi a sebele ho dumella bahlahisi ho rekisa mahe a dinotshi a theko e tlaase ho feta mahe a dinotshi a hlwekileng (mahe a dinotshi 'a Nete' a rekiswa ho pota R65/500 g ka 2018).
Bothata bo nang le mahe a dinotshi ke bobedi: bophelo bo botle le moruo. Mahe a dinotshi a maiketsetso a nang le tswekere e eketsehileng a ka ama hampe bophelo bo botle (le tswekere ya madi) ya bareki, haholo-holo diabetics. Ya bobedi, theko e tlaase ya mahe a dinotshi a etsa hore ho be thata hore ba beehi ba moo ba hlodisane.
Bareki ba eletswa hore ba bale mangolo ka hloko. Ho reka mahe a dinotshi a Afrika Borwa a batle mantswe a 'hlahiswang Afrika Borwa' ho fapana le 'ho phuthetsweng Afrika Borwa'.
Tlhahlobo e bonolo ya lehae: kopanya mahe a dinotshi a lekanang le karolo ya methylene. Baetsadibe ba sebele ba tla teba ho ya tlase, ha mahe a dinotshi a tla kopana le meya.
Translated by Bongani Matabane