iUNESCO kanye neSakhiwo Seluhlobo LweBantfu

Indzawo Yesintfu seMhlaba

©David Fleminger
Le Sakhiwo Seluhlobo lweBantfu (noma iCOH, njengoba ngekubita) yavetwa kwekucala Indazawo Yesintfu yeLuhla njengendlela yekubaluleka ngebuve ngemnyaka wa 1999, noma inombolo yendzawo lengemakhulu layimfica nelishumi nesihlanu kuwe. Ngebufisha, kwagcizeleleka ngemihomu lemashumi lamabili endzaweni lekala tinkhulungwane letimashumi lamane nesikhombisa emahekitha (kanye nekungeteteleka kwemahekitha latinkhulungwane letisiphohlongo etindzawo letingetekile lesebenta njengentfo lenciphisako ngekukhula kwekutingela). Lendzawo ibukwe ngasemuhomeni wase Sterkfontein, Kromdraai nase Swartkrans, lebekeke kuma khilomitha lamashumi lamane nesihlanu enyakatfo-nshonga yase Goli. Akukavami Ngendzawo Yesintfu seMhlaba, incumbi yalendzawo kuleSakhiwo kusolo kusetandleni letifihlekile, kepha lemiHome yase Sterkfontein iphetfwe yi Nyuvesi ye Witwatersrand, ngemuva kwekutsi lendzawo inikelwe kibo ngulabantfu labanalamapulazi.
Nyalo, incumbi yentfu base Goli bangati ngemi Home yase Sterkfontein ngetintfo tasetikolweni tangaphandle kulendzawo yekuvakashela kulemihome, futsi ngaloku ukutfola kumangalisa kutsi leSakhiwo sitsetse kuvuma lokucinile kule stoic lesatiwako se UNESCO kukomidi. Nomakunjalo, kuningi lokutokwenta ujabule.

Yani Lenjabulo?

©David Fleminger
Njengalekomidi yelwati kusuka eICOMOS (yebo nalenye ngemagama lamafisha, loku kumela iKhansela Yetive ngaphandle te Monuments neTindzawo) letitfolwa ngekukala: “Lelicembu letindzawo ngulinye letintfo letimcoka kulomhlaba kwentela kuvisisa lengucuko yemadvodza esimanje (bantfu besimanje) kusuka kumadloti ache. Takhe umnotfo ngetintfo letafa letitfolakele, letindzala letibekwe ku 3.5 wetigidzi teminyaka kadzeni, kanyekanye nemathuluzi abo kanye netintfo letafa letitfolakele letenteka ngesikhats lesifanako. Luphenyo ngetulu kweminyaka lengetulu kwesitfupha idlale indzima lemcoka letatfolwa tisimanga.”
Konkhe loku kwakwenele kwentela kuhlanganisa tintfo letilishumi Tesimo Sesintfu seMhlaba:
Kubamba intfo lekhweshile noma tintfo letitsandzekako kumsebenti wesintfu noma emphucukweni lephilako noma lenyamalele.
Sibonelo lesigcamile seluhlobo lwesakhiwo, architectural noma ngcongcoshe wemacembu noma indzawo lechaza (a) sigaba lesibalulekile (s) kumlandvo webantfu.
Sibonga lomubhalo weSakhiwo seluhla lwe UNESCO, lendzawo nyalo ihamba ngentfo yekutalwafutsi. Lendzawo lephansi yetivakashi Kulemihome yase Sterkfontfin ilungiswe ngalokubalulekile bese nyalo itsatsa ngetindzawo tekudlela letisetulu, imisamo lemihle kanye netindzaba tekuvakashela kulemihomo ngekwato. Baphatsi sebasebentise imali lengangetigidzi letimakhulu lamatsatfu tema randi bakha indzawo yekuvakashelwa tivakashi, lebitwa ngeMaropeng, sigaba lesimfisha kusuka kulemihome. Lena yindlela lekhangako, lapho khona labahamba ngesikhatsi bangatfola kabanti lokuningi ngengucuko babe batichaza ngetindzawo letinhle kuleSakhiwo.
Kepha lokuchazako ngaleSakhiwo kutsi kuyindzawo lesebentako, kantsi timfihlo tandvulo tilele tingcwatjwe ngaphansi kwemhlabatsi kumele kutsi kutfolwe. Kahlekahle labososayensi labaningi, lama archaeologists kanye nalamapalaeoanthropologists avele agubha kulendzawo, ngekungabuyisi kahle kanye netintfo letafa letatfolwa (lilunga lemindeni yetilwane nebantfu) loku kungeta ekuveni lokungakapheleli kwemphilo yendalo Emhlabeni.

Lesakhiwo Lesichutjiwe

©David Fleminger
Ngemnyaka wa 2005, le appellation ‘Sakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu’ yachutjelwa kufaka tindzawo letimbili letengetiwe letatihlanganiswe endzaweni yase Sterkfontein kepha akusiko kwekundza ngekwemhlaba lokuchubeka ngendzawo yendalo. Letitindzawo te Taung lejuba ematje, edvute ne Kimberley, ne Makapansgat, dvute ne Pietersburg/Polokwane. Totimbili letindzawo tifaka luhlobo lolufanako lwematje ase Sterkfontein (tichazwa njengencenye yeTransvaal Superground), kokubili kutfwele tintfo letibalulekile letivumelana nekutsi incenye yemalunga laphile kulendzawo etintfo letingakafi teminyaka ledvute nalemitsatfu kanye nehhafu yeminyaka letigidzi, umangabe kungasiko lokudze.
Kumbe intfo lenhle ngekuba Sakhiwo Seluhlobo Lwebantfu labachazwa Ngendzawo Yesintfu yeMhlaba kutsi lifoselele lemiyalo kwentela kudvonsa kahle ngekutsatsela kanye nemapulani lasebentako ekunakekela latawuciniseka kutsi lendzawo isetjentwa ngendlela lebambekako kanye nemitsetfo lengiyo.
Njengekutsi, imigomo ibekiwe etulu letovikela lobuhle bendalo balendzawo ube uvumela kutfutfuka kwemisebenti. Kusebenta kwesikimu semumango siyatfutfuka kwentela kucala imisebenti kanye netindlu, kwentela kutsi bantfu bendzawo batfole tintfo letingito kusuka kulokufika ngekushesha kwetivakashi.
Kuhlanganyela nahulumende kanye nebhizinisi tintfo letichutjwa kwentela kuciniseka kutsi leSakhiwo siyakhona kusala sinemali lehambako. Tonkhe letindzaba letimnandzi, tingasebenta njengentfo yekufunda yetivakashi letinye tase Ningizimu Afrika lecalela likusasa. Ngemuva kwakokonkhe, tivakashi tihamba lilayini lelihle kakhulu phakatsi kwe kugcina kahle nekutsi, umatintfo tingakabanjwa ngalokukahle, kukhona ingoti lengabulala lamazinga lekunguwona labantfu bawatele.

Translated by Phindile Malotana