UNESCO na The Cradle of Humankind

Ndzhawu ya Mfuwo ya Misava

©David Fleminger
Cradle of Humankind (kumbe COH, tani hileswi yivitanisiwaka xiswona) yi hoxiwe rosungula eka nxaxameto wa World Heritage tani hi ndzhawu ya ndzhavuko ya nkoka kusukela hi lembe ra 1999, kumbe ndzhawu ya nomboro 915 eka wena. Ekusunguleni, ayiri na kwalomu ka 20 wa mabaku eka ndzhawu leyinga pimiwa kuva 47 000 hectares (kukatsa na ndzhawu ya engetelo ya 80 000 hectares wa misava yo engetelela leyitirhaka tani hi buffer-zone eka nhluvukiso).
Ndzhawu leyi yi langute eka mabaku ya Sterkfontein, Kromdraai na Swartkrans, lawa yakumekaka kwalomu ka 45 kilometres e nwalungu vupela dyambu bya Johannesburg. Aswitolovelekangi kuva World Heritage Site, laha misava yotala yivaka yiri ya vanhu kungari ya mfumo, kambe mabaku ya Sterkfontein wona iya University of the Witwatersrand, endzhaku kaloko misava yitava yi nyikeriwile eka vona kusuka eka vinyi vayona vosungula.
Sweswi vatshami votala va Gauteng vangava vayativa mabaku ya Sterkfontein hikwalaho ka tendzo ta swikolo letiyaka eka visitor's centre yale mabakwini lawaya, naswona leswi switava swihlamarisa swinene leswaku Cradle yinga pfuka ntsakelo swinene wa komiti ya UNESCO. Hambiswiritano kuna swotala swinene swo tsakisa hiyona ndzhawu leyi.

Nyanyuko i wa Yini?

©David Fleminger
Tani hi komiti ya vativi kusuka eka ICOMOS (rito rin’wana leri yimelaka International Council of Monuments and Sites) vakumile eka vulavisisi bya vona: “Ndzhawu leyi ya mintlawa yiri na nkoka swinene e misaveni hinkwayo kuta twisisa ku cinca ka munhu ka ximanguva lawa(Homo sapiens sapiens) kusuka eka vakokwa wa kokwa wa vona. Leswi swihumese rifuwo rikulu ra hominid fossils, ta khale swinene letinga kwalomu ka 3.5 million wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke, xikan’we na switirhisiwa hile tlhelo nati fossils ta fauna. Vulavisisi lebyinga endliwa eka makume ntsevu wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke byive na xiave xa nkoka swinene eka ku humelerisa Afrika tani hi cradle of mankind. Vuswikoti bya kuva kuva na kukumisisa swin’wana swa nkoka i bya xiyimo xale henhla.”
Leswi hinkwaswo aswi ringanerile ku fikelela swimbirhi swa swilaveko eka swa khume leswi tirhisiwaka kufikelela xiyimo xa World Heritage Status:
Kuva na xihlawulekisi kumbe vumbhoni bya ndzhavuko wa xintu kumbe nhluvuko lowu hanyaka kumbe lowunga nyamalala.
Kuva xikombiso lexi hlamarisaka xa muxaka wa muako, lexinga dirowiwa kumbe xi endliwe hi thekinoloji kumbe misava leyikombetaka (a) xiteji xa nkoka eka matimu ya munhu.
Hi khensa ku hoxiwa ka Cradle eka nxanxameto wa UNESCO, ndzhawu leyi sweswi yile ka xiyenge xaku tswariwa nakambe. Ndzhawu ya vuyeni yale mabakwini ya Sterkfontein yi antswisiwile swinene naswona sweswi yina vhengele ra kahle ra swakudya, museum xikan’we na tendzo leti antswisiweke endzeni ka mabaku hi woxe. Valawuri vatirhise mali ya ntsengo lowu ringananka kwalomu ka R300 million va aka ndzhawu ya vuendzi ya manyunyu, leyi vuriwaka Maropeng, mpfhuka nyana wuntsongo kusuka emabakwini lawaya. Leswi hiswona swinyanyulaka swinene, laha vapfhumba vanga twisissaka swinene hi ndzhundzhuluko hile tlhelo varikarhi va tiphina hi ndzhawu leyi vonakaka kahle e henhla ka Cradle.
Kambe lexi nyanyulaka swinene hi Cradle hileswaku i ndzhawu leyi yaha tirhiwaka, naswona swihundla swotala swakhale swaha celeriwile eka ndzhawu liya ehansi ka misava laha swingo lava kuya kumiwa. Kahle kahle vativi va sayense votala, archaeologists nati palaeoanthropologists vatshama varikarhi va handza handza ndzhawu liya, vafukula swilo leswi kalaka swinene xikan’we no hlamarisa swati fossils (hinkwaswo swiri hominid na mammalian) leswi tisaka ku twisisa loku aku xota eka ntumbuluko wa vutomi emisaveni.

Ku Ndlandlamuxiwa ka Cradle

©David Fleminger
Hi 2005, xidlodlo xa ‘Cradle of Humankind’ xi engeteleriwile kukatsa tindzhawu timbirhi leti ati khomanile na ndzhawu ya Sterkfontein kambe leyi ayingari makhelwani wa ndzhawu liya yosungula kuya hi matshamelo. Tindzhawu leti tivuriwa Taung quarry, kusuhi nale Kimberley, na Makapansgat, kusuhi na Pietersburg / Polokwane. Hivumbirhi tindzhawu leti tina maribye lawa ya fanaka swinene naya Sterkfontein (lawa ya vuriwaka xiphemu xa Transvaal Supergroup), naswona havumbirhi yana ti fossil specimens ta nkoka leti tiyisisaka leswaku ti hominids ti hanyile eka ndzhawu liya kuringana malembe lawa yangavaka ekusuhi na mamiliyoni manharhu na hafu kumbe kutlula.
Kumbexani xa kahle swinene kuva Cradle of Humankind yi thyiwa World Heritage Site hileswaku swi hlohletele valawuri kuva vata na kungu leri tirhekaka ra vulawuri bya ndzhawu liya leri tiyisisaka leswaku ndzhawu leyi yifambisiwa kuya hi milawu leyi lulameke. Xikombiso, milawu yi endliwile leswaku yita sirhelela kusaseka ka ntumbuluko ka ndzhawu liya kutlhela ku pfumelela nhluvuko kuva wuva kona.
Ku hoxa xandla ka vaaki hi xikimi swile kululamisiweni laha kungatava na mintirho xikan’we na tiyindlu, leswaku vanhu vale ndzhawini liya vata vuyeriwa hikwalaho ka vupfhumba lebyinga kona eka ndzhawu liya. Naswona ntirhisano wa mfumo na van’wamabindzu wuleku landzelerisiweni leswaku kuta tiyisisiwa leswaku Cradle yitshama yirikarhi yinghenisa mali. Leswi hinkwaswo i mahungu lawanene, naswona swingava dyondzo yakahle swinene eka mapfhumba yan’wana ya vuendzi bya Afrika Dzonga mundzuku ka siku. Naswona, vupfhumba byi famba hi ntila wuntsongo swinene exikarhi ka nhlayiso naku onha, naswona loko swilo swinga khomiwi hi vutihlamuleri, kuna khombo ra leswaku kuta onhiwa nkoka wa leswi vanhu va telaka ku swivona.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni