I-foliar feeding (ekukufaka izakhi estjalweni nekuvamise ukwenziwa ngokuspreya iminerali encibilikako njengekungu emakarini. Lokha kusetjenziswa i-foliar feeding izakhi zingenelela kuhle emakarini kunalokha nazifakwe esivundisini sehlabathi.
Irhubhululo litjengisa kungaba nokungenelela kane nanyana kasumi nambili –ukuphepha imiraro evehla lokha nayidoswa ngemirabhu efana nokupakelana kwehlabathi ukubophelana kwezakhi, nokumunyeka kwezakhi. Izakhi zidoswa yi-stomata. Istomata kuvuleka emakarini, okupheze kufane nama-glands akhipha ingurumela eskhunjeni somuntu.
I-stomata sikhona nesiqwini kanye nesidindini sesitjalo begodu singamunyeka ngitjho nanyana kusebusika lokha amakari awileko. Istomata senzeka ngaphasi kwamakari begodu isikhathi esihle sokumunyeka kwaso kulokha isitjalo nasisakhulako –ngaphambi kokubloma nge-veraison (nekukulokha isithelo /imirorho ithoma ukukhipha umbala) nangaphambi kokobana zivuthwe.
I-foliar feeding isetjenziselwa ukuqinisa imisebenzi yokuvundisa. Igcugcuzela ukwakhekha kweenthelo, isisa ukugandeleleka ngokomkhumbulo kwestjalo lokha kuneenunwana nanyana ukugandelela ngokomkhumbulo okubangwa bujamo bezulu, ikhandela ukumunyeka kwezakhi ngeskhathi sezulu begodu irhelebha ngokubana zirhone ukujamelana neenunwana kanye namalwelwe ngokungezelela i-Brix* count.ingezelela negugu lokondleka kwestjalo njengombana kutjengiswe lirhubhululo elinziwe e-Pakistan elimayelana nekoroyi.
Ukungezelela, i- foliar feeding nayihlanganiswe ne-endophytic bacteria(nekuli-bacteria elikhula kuma-tissue westjalo ngaphandle kokubanga umonakalo)itjengise bona i-bio-fortification yekoroyi yezakhi eziqakathekileko ingarhelebha ukulwisa izakhi.
Zoke izakhi zimunyeka msinya, kodwana ukukhanjiswa kwamaminerali ngaphakathi esitjalweni kuyahlukahluka. I-Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) zingenelela msinya kwamanye amalunga weentjalo, kodwana amaminerali afana ne-Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Boron (B), Iron (Fe) and Molybdenum (Mo) akakhambi msinya.
I-Amino acid, chelate calcium ngiyokwaphela i-calcium erhona ukusuka emakarini ifike emalangeni wesbeletho sestjalo. I-calcium iqakatheke ngombana yakha amaboda wama-cells. I-foliar feeding idoseka kuhle lokha ispreyiwa njengekungu emakarini. Lokha amathosi amancani ingenelela qhono.Iinhluthi ezincani ezizombeleze i-stomatha ngasinye zirherha izakhi ngethosi ngalinye. Sebenzisa amanzi wekhwalithi ehle.
Imiraro yokungenelela ingatholwa lokha nakusetjenziswe amanzi anezinga eliphezulu le-sodium (Na) nanyana i-hard water’ (nekumamanzi anezinga eliphezulu le-calcium). Faka i-surfactant ukwenzela bona ishlahlesi izokunamathela ekarini. Ingezelela ukungenelela ngokukhandela amathosi wamanzi ekuphendukeni ibhola ekubanomphumela wokobana angarhoni ukungenelela. Ukungenelela kungezeleleka lokha i-solution ine-pH ehlangana ne-5.5 kanye ne-6.5.
Ukunciphisa i-pH nge-vinegar ye apula nanyana uyingezelele nge-bicarbonate of soda. Isikhathi esihle sokuspreya kuhlangana nesikhathi saka-06:00 – 08:00 ekuseni nanyana ngesikhathi saka-18:00 – 20:00 ebusuku lokha ubuswe buphezulu. Ukobona bona i-solution ilungile, abanye abalimi bameda i-Brix yestjalo nge-refractometer ngapmabi kokobana baspreye baphinde godu ngemva kwama-iri amathathu kanye namasumi amabili nane ngemva kokuspreya.
I-Brix ingangezelela ama-unit angafika kwamathathu. *Brix (°Bx) meda i-refractive index emhluzini weentjalo-nekuyikomba yestjalo, amaminerali kanye nama-protein. Lokhu kungatjengisa bona istjalo sisudu, nokobana sinezakhi ezinengi,begodu sinamanzi kanye ne-nitrogen ephasi nokobana asoniwa msinya ziinunwana.
Isimedo sekhwalithi sentjalo ezimbalwa ((Brix imedwa nge- °Bx):itamati - isbaga 4°Bx kanye nehle khulu =12 °Bx;ama-groen-asbaga weak = 4°Bx kanye namahke khulu = 10°Bx nanyana i- Bhedrudi – esbaga 2°Bx kanye nehle khulu 12°Bx. Abatjali abancani nanyana abantu abanamateni bangenza i-foliar feeding ngokusebenzisa amaphaledi we-lucerne (nanyana wemiqasa nanyana iflowura ye-lucerne).
Bili Faka amakomitji we-pellet emanzini ayi-1 litha ubibhe ubusuku boke. Faka ihlanganisela le emanzini ayi-10 litres uspreye ngaphezuliu nangaphsi kwestjalo. I-1% solution ye- EM (ekumagciwani aqakathekeleko) nanyana itiye eyikhompowusti yeembungu nayo ingasetjenziswa njenge-foliar nutrition.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana