Foliar feeding i ndlela leyi tirhaka swinene yaku phakela swimilani swakudya hile matlukeni. Leswi swinedliwa hikuva kufafazeriwa timinerali tokarhi ematlukeni. Hi maendlelo lawa ya foliar feeding swakudya switswongiwa himatluka swinene kutlula loko manyoro ya cheriwa emisaveni.
Vulavisisi byi kombeta leswaku exikarhi ka 8 na 20 waminkarhi yaku tswongiwa – swi sivela swiphiqo leswivaka kona himinkarhi eka kutswongiwa hitimintso letingavaka tikhomanile swinene na misava, swinwana swakudya aswi fikeleli kahle xikanwe naku lahleka ka swakudya. Swakudya leswi swi tswongiwaka hi timbovo letinga ematlukeni. Timbovo leti tifana swinene naleti nga eka nhlonge ya munhu.
Timbovo leti takumeka nale ka swirhabyani na miri wa ximilani laha na hixixika swimilani swikotaka kuva swikuma swakudya hambi matluka ya dzudzekile. Timbovo totala tikumeka ehansi ka matlula naswona nkarhi wakahle wotswonga hiloko ximilani xikula- xikula kusukela evutsongwanini loko xinga se humesa mabilomu, veraison (loko mihandzu / vatsamu yasugnula kuhuma muhlovo) na loko yinga se vupfa. Foliar feeding switirhisiwa kutiyisisa kunonisa loku lavekaka.
Swihlohletela ku akiwa ka mihandzu, swisusa ntshikelelo wa swimilani loko kuri na ntshikelelo wa switsotswana kumbe maxelo, leswi sivelaka mphakelo wakahle wa timinerali hinkarhi wa mpfula leswi endlaka leswaku switsotswana swinyanya kukondzelela xikanwe na mavabyi hikuva ku engeteleleka nhlayo ya Brix*.
Swiengetelela na nhlayo ya swakudya swa ximilani leswi vikiwaka hi vulavisis lebyi endliweke e Pakistan eka koroni. Ku engetela kwalano, foliar feeding xikanwe na endophytic bacteria (bacteria leyi kulaka eka ximilani kambe yinga xi onhi) swikombisa leswaku bio-fortification ya koroni hi swakudya swankoka swinga pfuna kuhunguta nkayivelo wa swakudya swo aka miri. Swakudya hinkwaswo swihatlisa kutswongeka, kambe ku famba famba ka timinerali eka swimilani swahambana swinene.
Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn) na Zinc (Zn) swihundziseka ku olova kuya eka swirho swinwana swa swimilani, kambe ti minerali tofana na Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Boron (B), Iron (Fe) na Molybdenum (Mo) aswifambi hiku olova. Amino acid chelate calcium i muxaka wuri woxe wa calcium lowu fambaka kusuka e matlukeni kurhelela kuya eka swirho swa vuhumelerisi. 2 Calcium yina nkoka swinene eka ku aka ti cell wall eka ximilani.
Foliar feeding yi tswongiwa kahle loko yifafazeriwe kufana na nkunghwa (ehansi ka ntshikelelo wale henhla). Loko mathonsi yakona yari ntsongo, swa olova kuva ya tswongeka. Misisi leyintsongo swinene eka timbovo letinga matlukeni tikoka swakudya leswinga eka thonsi rinwana na rinwana. Kutirhisiwa ka khwalithi ya kahle ya mati – kungava na swiphiqo swotswongiwa hi mati lawa yangana sodium (Na) yale henhla kumbe ‘hard water’ (high calcium).
Katsa murhi nyana lowungata endla leswaku swikota kufika switshama ematlukeni. Leswi swi engetela matswongelo hikuva kusiveriwa mati kuva yawa eka tlula lawa ya endlaka xibolwana lexinga tswongekeki. Ku tswongeka ka tlakuka loko mpfanganyiso lowu wuri na pH yale xikarhi ka 5.5 na 6.5.
Hunguta pH hi vinegar ya apula kumbe uyi engetela hiku engetela bicarbonate of soda. Nkarhi wakahle wo fafazela hile xikarhi ka 06:00 – 08:00 ni mixo kumbe 18:00 – 20:00 namadyambu loko kuri na ndzhongho wale henhla. Ku vona mpfanganyiso wakahle, varimi vanwana va pima Brix ya ximilani hiku tirhisa refractometer loko vangase fafazela nakambe endzhaku ka tiawara ta 3 kumbe 24 endzhaku ko fafazela. Brix yinga tlakuka hikwalomu ka tiyuniti ti 3.
*Brix (°Bx) yi pima vundzeni bya juzi ya ximilani – laha yikombetaka vukona bya chukele, timinerali nati protein. Leswi swinga komba loko ximilani xinyanganya, xiri na swakudya swotala, loko xiri na mati yantsongo na nitrogen nakuva xikondzelela ngopfu switsotswana loko xihlaseriwa. Mimpimo yantolovelo eka swimalani swohlaya nyana (Brix mpimo wa yona i °Bx): Matamatisi – loko yangari kahle = 4°Bx kasi loko yari kahle swinene = 12 °Bx; Green beans – loko tingari kahle = 4°Bx loko tiri kahle swinene = 10°Bx or Beetroot – loko yingari kahle = 2°Bx naswona loko yiri kahle swinene = 12°Bx. 3 Varimi lavantsongo vanga endla foliar feeding hiku tirhisa lucerne pellets (kumbe rabbit pellets kumbe lucerne flour).
Katsa ti khapu timbirhi ta pellets eka litara ya mati kutani uswitshika swietlela madyambu yanwe. Katsa hinkwaswo leswi eka 10 wati litara ta mati kutani u fafazela hinkwako kusuka e hansi nale henhla ka swimilani. 1% wa mati lawa ya EM (effective microorganisms) kumbe earthworm compost tea yinga tirhisiwa eka maphakelelo lawa ya swakudya.4
Translated by Ike Ngobeni