Zelimo
amaTsonga asuka etlhagwini ngeminyaka yabo-19th century aletha imihlobo emitjha yokudla e-Transvaal, ekubalwa hlangana nayo i-cassava, kanye neminye imihlobo yamantongomani wangaphasi kwehlabathi, amazambani kanye namabele. Hlangana kokunye ukudla kwabo egade kuqakathekileko gade kusiphila kanye nenkukhu ezeza nama-cololist, eendaweni yabo etja yokuhlala.
Umsebenzi omnengi wezelimo gade wenziwa bafazi, ngaphandle kokurhula egade kwenziwa madoda. Amadoda gade atjala igwayi. Ukuvunwa kwentjalo gade kwenziwa ngiwo woke umuntu, ngokudlhegana, begodu abahlali benarha gade bavuna ngohlanganyela iintjalo zomuntu ngamunye.
Umnini masimu gade abaphatha kuhle njengabantu abazomrhelebha abanikeze ibhiya kobana basele kanye nezinye iinselo ukwenzela kobana kube mnandi lokha nabavunako, begodu ukuphilisana kuhle ngokuthaba gade kuqakathekile nakuvunwako.
AmaTsonga gade agawula bekatjhise kwesinye iskhathi ngemva kokuvuna. Inarha eyihlathi yemvelo gade igawulwa itjhiswe, kuthi iintjalo ezitjalwe enarheni ehlwengisiweko leyo zisuswe nasele zingasakhiqizi ngobunengi.
Esinye isiqephu senarha kade naso sihlwengiswa kutjalwe amasimu amatjha. Indlela le yokulima yarholela ekutheni abantu bafuduke, ngebanga lokobana gade kutlhogeka kobana bafuduke kabuthaka bafune ezinye iindawo zokulima ezitjha. Lokha abantu nabangezelelekako, kwarholela ekutheni kube nephaliswano lenarha, kwesinye isikhathi kube nezipi.
Ukuzuma
Ngeminyaka yabo-19th century ukuzuma iindlovu gade kuqakathekile etlhagwini kanye naphakathi enarheni. Kuze kwaba minyaka yabo-19th century lapha amazinyo wendlovu amanengi athuthelwa e-Lourenco Marques nanyana asiwe e-Durban qobe nyaka. Abazumi bathengisa nenani elinengi lenkhumba zabokatsu, khulukhulu ekhabe zisetjenziswa majoni wamaZulu kanye newamaGaza. Kuthe imihlambi yendlovu nayiqimelako, namajoni sele ajanyisiwe kobana angasalwa, abazumi babulala inani elingezelelweko lenkomo zomango bathengisa iinkhumba kanye namaphondo wazo bazithengisela abarhwebi.
Inyama yeqina gade kungokunye ukudla okuqakathekileko komphakathi lo, kanye nokuthiya iimfesi.Izulu ekhabe lina ngeskhathi esithize sonyaka, khabe liphendula imilambo eyomileko, ibe milambo egijima amanzi nebhodlako, ethumela amanzi amanengi emilanjaneni eseduze. Lokha ilanga lehlobo nalomisa imilambo, imiphakathi ephethe imigcomu kade iya emanzini angatjhingeliko iyokuthiya iimfesi.
Ekupheleni kwe-19th century abatlhogomeli bemvelo bathoma ukuvala inarha enengi ngonyaka ka-1962 ayatjhugululwa yenziwa isiqiwi senyamazana i-Kruger National Park. Imiphakathi eminengi yasuswa esiqiwinesi kwathi laba abagade bahlala eduze kwenarha la, akhange basabavumela kobana bazume iinyamazana nanyana kobana bathiye iimfesi emigceleni yenarha leyo.
Ukuzuma kanye nokuthiya kwasala kwabazizinto ezenziwa ngaleso skhathi babantu balapho abanengi, kodwana sebathathwa njengabazumi abakwenza ngaphandle komthetho kunabazumi abazuma ngokusemthethweni abaziqhenyako kobana bazuma iinyamazani.
Ukuqatjhwa KwamaTsonga
Iminyaka engaba ma-century, amadoda wamaTsonga gade athola imisebenzi eemayini zeSewula-Africa kanye nemasentheni enza izinto. Gade ahlala emahotela, begodu akhamba ngentimela namabhesi nakaya emisebenzini. Umtlhago eendaweni ezisemakhaya kanye nokuyokufuna ipilo encono emadorobheni kwenza bona amadoda wamaTsonga pheze incenye yawo enarheni le afudukela emadorobheni ayokuhlala khona unomphela. Eendaweni ezinengi umnotho wemakhaya uthembele emirholweni ethunyela basebenzi esele bafudukele amadorobheni. Inani elingezelelweko labafazi nalo sele lisebenza emaplasini eseduze.
Umraro omkhulu kukobana kunabantu abanengi enarheni. Lokhu incenye yakho kubangelwe mithetho karhulumende webandlulolo lokha incenye yakho kubangelwe kungafuni kwabantu ukusuka eendawenezo, ngebanga lenkumbulo abanazo ngazo, kanye nokobana inarha leyo ngeyabo bani. Ezinye iincenye zenarha zinalo izulu, lokha ezinye ezinengi zinganalo izulu kanye namanzi aphuma eenzibeni akasimanengi.
Ukutjala ngomcopho wokwenza inzuzo eenarheni ezinothileko kuyenziwa kodwana inarha enengi kusathiwa ngeyamakhosi, begodu nendlela zokukhamba iinthuthi azikho kuhle okwenza bona ukulima kube budisi. Ebantwini abanengi iinkomo ziliphawu lepumelelo nanyana umnotho kunokobana zibarhelebha ngemali, begodu bazifuyela kobana bathole ngazo imali lula, kunokobana bathole ngazo abafazi abanengi kanye nokuzimaketha.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana